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. 2014 Dec 22;3(12):e135. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.49

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Copyright © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Oncogenesis is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Shp2 activity influences Cdx4 expression in Hox-overexpressing human AML. (a) Increased Cdx4 expression correlates with increased expression of HoxA9 and HoxA10 in AML. Human bone marrow CD34+ cells from subjects with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), AML or non-leukemic control subjects (NL) were analyzed by real-time PCR for expression of HoxA9, HoxA10 or Cdx4 mRNA. AML samples were separated into groups with increased HoxA9/HoxA10 expression (AML Hox high) or without increased Hox expression (AML Hox low). Statistically significant differences are indicated by * or **. (b) Cdx4 expression correlates with Shp2 activity in AML. Cells in the AML Hox-high and AML Hox-low groups (and control cells) above were analyzed for Shp2 activity by functional protein tyrosine phosphatase assay. Results were graphed as Shp2 activity versus Cdx4 mRNA. (c) Treatment with SSG decreases Shp2 activity in human bone marrow cells. The cells described above were also assayed for Shp2 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity with or without treatment with SSG. Statistically significant differences with versus without SSG are indicated by *, *** and ##. Statistically significant difference between control and leukemia samples are indicated by ** and #. (d) Treatment with SSG decreases the expressions of Cdx4, HoxA9 and HoxA10 in AML cells. The cells described above were also analyzed by real-time PCR for the expressions of Cdx4, HoxA9 and HoxA10 mRNAs. Statistically significant differences with versus without SSG in Hox-high AML are indicated by *, ** or ***.