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. 2014 Dec 15;5:5636. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6636

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(a) Horizontal surface velocity in March (black) and September (red) 2002. (b) Vertical velocity averaged in mixed layer in March (black) and September (red) 2002. (c) Transformation from PE to KE averaged in mixed layer in winter (February and March; black) versus in summer (from July to September; red). (b,c) The lines with pastel colours are spectra at the 300 m depth. (d) KE spectral fluxes using geostrophic velocities (see Methods section) in winter (black) versus in summer (red). For a given wavenumber, they represent (when positive) the KE that fluxes from smaller wavenumbers to larger ones. The analysed domain is 148°E–168°W and 20°N–43°N for a–c and is 148°E–166°W and 20°N–43°N for d.