Table 6.
Factors associated with outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of non-cardiac origin
| One-month survival |
Neurologically favourable outcome |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR | (95% CI) | Adjusted OR | (95% CI) | Crude OR | (95% CI) | Adjusted OR | (95% CI) | |
| Adults (vs elderly) | 0.95 | (0.82 to 1.10) | 1.36 | (1.12 to 1.65) | 1.02 | (0.76 to 1.37) | 1.52 | (1.07 to 2.15) |
| Men | 0.75 | (0.64 to 0.88) | 0.99 | (0.84 to 1.16) | 1.09 | (0.81 to 1.46) | 0.91 | (0.67 to 1.24) |
| Witnessed by bystanders | 4.41 | (3.74 to 5.19) | 4.13 | (3.35 to 5.09) | 4.48 | (3.23 to 6.21) | 4.83 | (3.21 to 7.29) |
| Good activities of daily living | 0.93 | (0.80 to 1.08) | 1.23 | (1.03 to 1.47) | 1.39 | (1.02 to 1.88) | 1.43 | (1.02 to 2.02) |
| VF | 2.74 | (1.96 to 3.82) | 2.04 | (1.42 to 2.92) | 7.72 | (5.05 to 11.79) | 5.40 | (3.40 to 8.59) |
| Type of bystander CPR | ||||||||
| No CPR | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Chest compression-only CPR | 0.97 | (0.81 to 1.16) | 0.80 | (0.66 to 0.98) | 0.95 | (0.67 to 1.35) | 0.92 | (0.64 to 1.33) |
| Conventional CPR with rescue breathing | 1.47 | (1.20 to 1.79) | 1.07 | (0.86 to 1.34) | 1.01 | (0.65 to 1.55) | 0.89 | (0.56 to 1.42) |
| Type of non-cardiac origin | ||||||||
| Respiratory diseases | 0.42 | (0.33 to 0.53) | 0.51 | (0.40 to 0.65) | 0.70 | (0.44 to 1.09) | 0.76 | (0.48 to 1.21) |
| Malignant tumours | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.09) | 0.06 | (0.03 to 0.11) | 0.06 | (0.01 to 0.23) | 0.06 | (0.01 to 0.23) |
| Strokes | 0.31 | (0.23 to 0.42) | 0.27 | (0.20 to 0.38) | 0.57 | (0.33 to 0.97) | 0.34 | (0.19 to 0.61) |
| Asphyxia | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Hanging | 0.26 | (0.21 to 0.34) | 0.56 | (0.41 to 0.77) | 0.31 | (0.18 to 0.53) | 0.55 | (0.28 to 1.07) |
| Fall | 0.04 | (0.02 to 0.08) | 0.03 | (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.03 | (0.004 to 0.20) | 0.01 | (0.002 to 0.11) |
| Drowning | 0.07 | (0.04 to 0.12) | 0.16 | (0.09 to 0.29) | 0.14 | (0.05 to 0.38) | 0.31 | (0.11 to 0.90) |
| Traffic injury | 0.10 | (0.05 to 0.17) | 0.05 | (0.03 to 0.10) | 0.29 | (0.13 to 0.67) | 0.10 | (0.04 to 0.26) |
| Drug overdose | 0.23 | (0.11 to 0.50) | 0.58 | (0.26 to 1.29) | 0.80 | (0.29 to 2.21) | 1.74 | (0.58 to 5.19) |
| Others | 0.26 | (0.20 to 0.33) | 0.29 | (0.22 to 0.38) | 0.67 | (0.45 to 1.00) | 0.60 | (0.39 to 0.92) |
| Unclassified | 0.10 | (0.04 to 0.26) | 0.10 | (0.04 to 0.28) | 0.29 | (0.07 to 1.18) | 0.27 | (0.06 to 1.16) |
| Location of arrest | ||||||||
| Homes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Public places | 0.78 | (0.61 to 0.99) | 1.45 | (1.10 to 1.91) | 1.11 | (0.75 to 1.65) | 1.54 | (0.97 to 2.44) |
| Workplaces | 1.29 | (0.83 to 1.98) | 1.40 | (0.87 to 2.23) | 1.26 | (0.55 to 2.89) | 0.95 | (0.39 to 2.30) |
| Healthcare facilities | 1.69 | (1.38 to 2.07) | 0.88 | (0.69 to 1.12) | 0.72 | (0.42 to 1.24) | 0.47 | (0.26 to 0.85) |
| Others | 0.70 | (0.51 to 0.94) | 1.67 | (1.19 to 2.35) | 0.68 | (0.38 to 1.24) | 1.35 | (0.72 to 2.54) |
| Intravascular fluid | 1.78 | (1.50 to 2.11) | 1.45 | (1.14 to 1.84) | 1.34 | (0.94 to 1.91) | 1.52 | (0.97 to 2.38) |
| Intubation | 1.62 | (1.37 to 1.92) | 1.02 | (0.84 to 1.23) | 0.73 | (0.48 to 1.10) | 0.50 | (0.32 to 0.77) |
| Epinephrine | 2.32 | (1.87 to 2.88) | 0.97 | (0.71 to 1.32) | 1.25 | (0.74 to 2.09) | 0.60 | (0.31 to 1.17) |
| EMS response time (for one-increment of minute) | 0.93 | (0.91 to 0.96) | 0.92 | (0.90 to 0.95) | 0.91 | (0.86 to 0.96) | 0.90 | (0.84 to 0.95) |
| Year (for one-increment of year) | 1.02 | (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.01 | (0.97 to 1.06) | 1.02 | (0.95 to 1.09) | 1.05 | (0.97 to 1.13) |
CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, Emergency Medical Services; VF, ventricular fibrillation.