Table 1.
Samples and results
| Sample | Total | Species | Extracts | Extract efficiency % | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rationale for selection | As | DMA | MA | Organic As | Σ As spec | As | |||||||
| μg kg -1 | n | μg kg- 1 | n | μg kg -1 | n | μg kg -1 | n | μg kg -1 | μg kg -1 | n | |||
| Reference | |||||||||||||
| CTA OTL-1 | CRM Oriental Tobacco Leaf (Bulgaria) | 611 ± 41 | 2 | 31 ± 1 | 2 | <LoD | 1 | 127 ± 8 | 2 | 158 | 304 ± 3 | 2 | 25.9 |
| CTA VTL-2 | CRM Virginia Tobacco Leaf (Bulgaria) | 1008 ± 39 | 2 | 54 ± 6 | 2 | <LoD | 1 | 256 ± 17 | 2 | 310 | 569 ± 59 | 2 | 30.8 |
| 1R4F | Research Cigarette typical of US low tar blends | 465 ± 3 | 2 | 24 ± 4 | 2 | <LoD | 1 | 96 ± 2 | 2 | 120 | 209 ± 3 | 2 | 25.8 |
| 1R5F | Research Cigarette typical of US ultra-low tar blends | 318 ± 10 | 2 | 37 ± 5 | 2 | <LoD | 1 | 78 ± 26 | 2 | 115 | 154 ± 8 | 2 | 36.2 |
| GBW 08514 | Chinese tobacco standard | 656 | 1 | 26 | 1 | 30 | 1 | 112 | 1 | 168 | 310 | 1 | 25.6 |
| GBW 08515 | Chinese tobacco standard | 429 | 1 | 23 | 1 | <LoD | 1 | 62 | 1 | 85 | 191 | 1 | 19.8 |
| Samples | |||||||||||||
| B1 | Major US brand | 443 | 1 | 39 | 1 | <LoD | 1 | 79 | 1 | 118 | 192 | 1 | 26.6 |
| B2 | Major UK brand | 191 | 1 | 23 | 1 | <LoD | 1 | 39 | 1 | 62 | 113 | 1 | 32.5 |
| B3 | Major UK brand | 317 | 1 | 21 | 1 | <LoD | 1 | 66 | 1 | 87 | 162 | 1 | 27.4 |
| B4 | Major UK brand | 144 | 1 | <LoD | 1 | <LoD | 1 | 16 | 1 | 16 | 82 | 1 | 11.1 |
| B5 | Major Chinese brand | 816 | 1 | 49 | 1 | 33 | 1 | 218 | 1 | 300 | 409 | 1 | 36.8 |
| B6 | Counterfeit with unusually high arsenic concentration | 3914 ± 90 | 3 | 150 ± 15 | 4 | 45 ± 12 | 4 | 948 ± 36 | 4 | 1143 | 1791 ± 47 | 4 | 29.2 |
| B7 | Counterfeit with unusually high arsenic concentration | 3504 | 1 | 176 | 1 | 116 | 1 | 846 | 1 | 1138 | 1777 | 1 | 32.5 |
| B8 | Counterfeit with high arsenic concentration | 2339 | 1 | 120 | 1 | 42 | 1 | 487 | 1 | 649 | 1180 | 1 | 27.7 |
Reference materials and samples selected for As species determination with corresponding sample codes and comments on the rationale for selection. Certified values are available for the CTA standards [15,16], information values provided for other samples were determined for this study by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [17]. Concentrations of total As, DMA, MA, inorganic As, sum of extracted As species and extract total As in six reference tobacco and eight cigarette tobacco samples, with extraction efficiencies (∑ As sp./Totals) and column recovery (∑ As sp./Extracts). The limit of detection (LoD) for MA is 39 μg kg-1.