Table 3.
Work stressa and depressionb in employees belonging to two age cohorts (1959 and 1965) using different imputation methods; each variable was adjusted for all other variables
| Birth year | 1959 OR (95% CI) |
1965 OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respondents’ characteristics | CC (n = 1938) | MIS (n = 2384) | MI (n = 2785) | CC (n = 2540) | MIS (n = 3077) | MI (n = 3554) |
| Work stressa | ||||||
| Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Middle | 1.01 (0.67–1.52) | 1.17 (0.81–1.70) | 1.19 (0.79–1.77) | 1.82 (1.21–2.75) | 1.48 (1.03–2.12) | 1.50 (1.01–2.22) |
| High | 2.06 (1.38–3.07) | 2.19 (1.53–3.13) | 2.21 (1.53–3.17) | 3.13 (2.08–4.70) | 2.45 (1.72–3.50) | 2.51 (1.77–3.55) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 1.64 (1.22–2.21) | 1.63 (1.25–2.13) | 1.65 (1.26–2.16) | 1.70 (1.30–2.22) | 1.67 (1.31–2.13) | 1.61 (1.28–2.03) |
| Educationc | ||||||
| High | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Middle | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.89 (0.65–1.20) | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | 1.26 (0.93–1.70) | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) | 1.26 (0.96–1.67) |
| Low | 0.92 (0.63–1.32) | 0.95 (0.68–1.33) | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 1.55 (1.10–2.19) | 1.58 (1.15–2.15) | 1.56 (1.12–2.18) |
| Over-commitment | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.05 (1.02–1.09) | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 1.12 (1.08–1.15) | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) |
| Negative affectd | 1.41 (1.33–1.50) | 1.43 (1.36–1.52) | 1.43 (1.35–1.52) | 1.44 (1.36–1.52) | 1.48 (1.40–1.55) | 1.47 (1.39–1.55) |
CC, complete case analysis; MIS, mean imputation of scales; MI, MIS+multiple imputation of missing data with the MCMC (FCS)-algorithm; ERI, effort-reward imbalance; BDI-V, simplified Beck Depression Inventory; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; MCMC, Markov Chain Monte Carlo method; FCS, fully conditional specification (Raghunathan et al.45).
aWork stress as measured by effort-reward imbalance (ERI) tertiles.
bAs measured by BDI-V.
cEducation: high, higher secondary; middle, secondary; low, primary or less.
dAs measured by PANAS.