Table 1.
General characteristics of the twin sample from the GEMINAKAR Study, means ± standard deviation
| Characteristic | Males | Females | Males | Females | Males | Females | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS | OS | DZ | DZ | MZ | MZ | ||
| N | 72 | 72 | 132 | 176 | 172 | 196 | |
| AgeB (years) | 39.8 ± 11.2 | 39.8 ± 11.2 | 39.2 ± 9.9 | 37.6 ± 8.2 | 37.4 ± 9.7 | 36.0 ± 10.4** | |
| AgeFU (years) | 51.0 ± 11.2 | 51.0 ± 11.2 | 51.2 ± 9.7 | 50.0 ± 8.2 | 49.6 ± 9.6 | 48.2 ± 10.4* | |
| BMIB | 25.0 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 23.4 ± 3.4### | 24.9 ± 2.8 | 24.1 ± 3.8 | |
| BMIFU | 26.4 ± 3.6 | 25.7 ± 4.2 | 26.5 ± 4.0 | 24.5 ± 4.1### | 26.3 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 4.8 | |
| LTLB (kb) | 6.78 ± 0.67 | 6.74 ± 0.60 | 6.83 ± 0.60 | 7.04 ± 0.71**## | 6.93 ± 0.65 | 7.09 ± 0.65***# | |
| LTLFU (kb) | 6.61 ± 0.64 | 6.59 ± 0.58 | 6.59 ± 0.55 | 6.80 ± 0.67*## | 6.70 ± 0.65 | 6.86 ± 0.65**# | |
| LTL attrition (bp/yr) | 13.2 ± 15.4 | 12.6 ± 14.1 | 20.1 ± 14.7** | 18.4 ± 13.9** | 19.5 ± 12.2** | 20.7 ± 15.3*** | |
| LTL attritionBA (bp/yr) | 14.4 ± 14.5 | 14.0 ± 13.9 | 20.7 ± 13.7** | 17.9 ± 13.0* | 19.6 ± 12.2* | 19.8 ± 14.8* | |
MZ, monozygotic; DZ, dizygotic same-sex; OS, opposite-sex; AgeB, age at baseline examination; AgeFU, age at follow-up examination; LTLB, LTL at baseline examination; LTLFU, LTL at follow-up examination; LTL attritionBA, LTL attrition adjusted for baseline LTL, calculated from residual values.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. same-sex OS twins; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 for the sex difference in each twins' type, respectively.