Table 1.

Inclusionary and Exclusionary Criteria Applied to Obtain Study Cohort

Inclusionary and Exclusionary Rules Applied	Records Excluded	Remaining Records	No. of Patients	No. of Participants
Start with all operation in STS-CHSD through January 1, 2013	…	256,854	168,776	111
1. Exclude PDA closure in 2.5 kg or less and exclude organ   procurement	12,140	244,714	157,078	111
2. Include only cardiac operations	43,330	201,384	143,362	111
3. Include only index operation of a hospitalization	28,935	172,449	143,253	111
4. Include neonates, infants, children, adults	17	172,432	143,240	111
5. Include surgery year 2010, 2011, or 2012	119,960	52,472	47,352	104
6. Include data version 3.0 only	0	52,472	47,352	104
7. Include only demographic data collected with version 3.0	8,379	44,093	39,658	104
8. Include operations with STAT Mortality Score	1,348	42,745	38,685	104
9. Exclude operation with missing mortality data	1,919	40,826	36,924	104
10. Exclude STS database participants with >10% missing mortality   rate (after above steps)	4,916	35,910	32,437	93
11. Exclude STS database participants with >10% missing rate of   preoperative factors, noncardiac congenital anatomic   abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, syndromes,   prematurity (neonates and infants), or number of prior   cardiothoracic operations (after above steps)	10,434	25,476	23,019	72

CHSD = Congenital Heart Surgery Database;

PDA = patent ductus arteriosus;

STAT = The Society of Thoracic Surgeons–European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery;

STS = The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.