Table 2.
Prevalence of Common Preoperative Factors and Their Associated Discharge Mortality
| Potential Preoperative Risk Factors | Neonates (n = 5,630) Mortality Ratea (p Value) |
Infants (n = 9,500) Mortality Ratea (p Value) |
Children (n = 8,742) Mortality Ratea (p Value) |
Adults (n = 1,604) Mortality Ratea (p Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall mortality rate | 9.88% | 2.91% | 0.92% | 1.93% |
| Preoperative/preprocedural mechanical circulatory supportb | 20/37 = 54.1% (<0.0001) | 12/49 = 24.5% (<0.0001) | 13/48 = 27.1% (<0.0001) | 0/4 = 0.0% (0.9999) |
| Shock, persistent at time of surgery | 42/125 = 33.6% (<0.0001) | 9/47 = 19.2% (<0.0001) | 9/29 = 31.0% (<0.0001) | 1/4 = 25.0% (0.0752) |
| Renal dysfunction | 31/119 = 26.1% (<0.0001) | 17/79 = 21.5% (<0.0001) | 6/53 = 11.3% (<0.0001) | 2/26 = 7.7% (0.0882) |
| Mechanical ventilation to treat cardiorespiratory failure | 271/1792 = 15.1% (<0.0001) | 83/723 = 11.5% (<0.0001) | 21/146 = 14.4% (<0.0001) | 3/12 = 25.0% (0.0013) |
| Gastrostomy present | 3/18 = 16.7% (0.4132) | 41/654 = 6.3% (<0.0001) | 13/364 = 3.6% (<0.0001) | 0/5 = 0.0% (0.9999) |
| Shock, resolved at time of surgery | 63/421 = 15.0% (0.0006) | 10/179 = 5.6% (0.0407) | 8/59 = 13.6% (<0.0001) | 1/7 = 14.3% (0.1279) |
| Coagulation disorder, hypocoagulable state secondary to medication |
5/11 = 45.5% (0.0026) | 5/44 = 11.4% (0.0086) | 2/50 = 4.0% (0.0764) | 1/36 = 2.8% (0.5086) |
| Hypothyroidism | 6/23 = 26.1% (0.0211) | 9/190 = 4.7% (0.1258) | 4/113 = 3.5% (0.0197) | 2/66 = 3.0% (0.3674) |
| Preoperative neurologic deficit | 10/47 = 21.3% (0.022) | 12/155 = 7.7% (0.0018) | 8/246 = 3.3% (0.0018) | 4/47 = 8.5% (0.0114) |
| Preoperative complete atrioventricular block | 10/50 = 20.0% (0.0276) | 2/47 = 4.3% (0.3984) | 5/161 = 3.1% (0.0158) | 0/57 = 0.0% (0.6247) |
| Stroke, CVA, or intracranial hemorrhage grade >2 during lifetime |
7/41 = 17.1% (0.1179) | 10/100 = 10.0% (0.0006) | 4/102 = 3.9% (0.014) | 2/45 = 4.4% (0.2152) |
| Seizure during lifetime | 7/51 = 13.7% (0.3426) | 9/187 = 4.8% (0.1204) | 10/291 = 3.4% (0.0003) | 3/48 = 6.3% (0.0629) |
a
Number of deaths divided by number with factor (n/n) equals mortality rate.
b
Such as intraaortic balloon pump, ventricular assist device, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or cardiopulmonary support.
CVA = cerebrovascular accident.