Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of children on ART and reports of or non report of perceived stigma at National Pediatric Hospital
| Perceived stigma | No perceived stigma | Odd ratio (95% CI) | p | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 79 (43.2%) | n = 104 (56.8%) | n = 183 (100%) | |||
| Females | 33 (41.7) | 51 (49.0) | 0.7 (0.3-1.4) | 0.3 | 84 (45.9) |
| Median age in years (IQ range) | 7.9 | 6.1 | - | 0.002 | 7.0 |
| [6.0-9.8] | [3.5-9.0] | [2.0-9.6] | |||
| Age over 7 years | 59 (74.6) | 54 (51.9) | 2.73 (1.4-5.4) | 0.001 | 113 (61.7) |
| Live in main city | 53 (67.0) | 79 (75.9) | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | 0.18 | 132 (72.1) |
| Single orphan, mother died | 28 (35.4) | 36 (34.6) | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 0.9 | 64 (34.9) |
| Single orphan, father died | 39 (49.4) | 43 (41.3) | 1.3 (0.7-2.5) | 0.2 | 82 (44.8) |
| Double orphans | 21 (26.6) | 24 (23.1) | 1.2 (0.5-2.5) | 0.5 | 45 (24.6) |
| Parents with HIV | 67 (84.8) | 83 (79.8) | 1.4 (0.6-3.3) | 0.3 | 150 (81.9) |
| -Mother with HIV | 61 (77.2) | 76 (73.1) | 1.2 (0.6-2.6) | 0.5 | 137 (74.9) |
| Parents’occupation | |||||
| -Low skill worker (Father)* | 49 (62.0) | 64 (61.5) | 1.0 (0.5-1.9) | 0.9 | 113 (61.7) |
| -Low skill worker (Mother) | 70 (88.6) | 93 (89.4) | 0.9 (0.3-2.6) | 0.8 | 163 (89.1) |
| Parents’education (Father) | |||||
| Illiterate | 11 (13.9) | 16 (15.4) | 0.8 (0.3-2.1) | 0.7 | 27 (14.7) |
| Primary | 22 (27.8) | 37 (35.6) | 0.6 (0.3-1.3) | 0.2 | 59 (32.2) |
| Parents’education (Mother) | |||||
| Illiterate | 23 (29.1) | 37 (35.6) | 0.7 (0.3-1.4) | 0.3 | 60 (32.8) |
| -Primary (Mother) | 57 (72.1) | 79 (75.9) | 0.8 (0.3-1.6) | 0.5 | 136 (74.3) |
| Living on less than $1 US/day | 61 (77.2) | 69 (66.3) | 1.7 (0.8-3.5) | 0.1 | 130 (71.0) |
| Social support** | 16 (20.2%) | 36 (34.6%) | 0.4 (0.2-0.9) | 0.03 | 52 (28.4%) |
| Go to school (over 5 yrs)*** | 60 (89.5) | 51 (73.9) | 3.0 (1.0-9.2) | 0.01 | 111 (81.6) |
| Go to school**** | 67 (84.8) | 69 (66.3) | 2.8 (1.2-6.4) | 0.004 | 136 (74.3) |
| [30.1-42.8] | [27.8-37.1] | ||||
| Time since HIV diagnosis (months) | 36.5 | 32.5 | - | 0.3 | 34.2 |
| [30.1-42.8] | [27.8-37.1] | [30.4-38.0] | |||
| Duration of ART (months) | 36.6 | 36.9 | 0.9 | 36.8 | |
| [31.1-42.0] | [32.0-41.9] | [33.2-40.4] | |||
| Mean CD4 at 12 months (N = 104) | 19.4 | 19.5 | 0.9 | 19.5 | |
| [16.9-22.0] | [17.4-21.6] | [17.8-21.1] | |||
| Decreased ART adherence | 8 (10.1) | 9 (8.6) | 1.1 (0.3-3.6) | 0.7 | 17 (9.3) |
Variables in bold with p < 0.2 were included in the multivariate analyses.
CI: Confidence interval. Numbers and (percentages). Median and (interquartile range), Mean and [95% confidence interval].
*Low skill worklers were: farmers, workers or factory worker, moto-taxi driver, housework.
**Mostly transportation fees and food supplements.
***Of 136 children (67 with stigma and 69 no stigma) aged over 5 years eligible for education.
****All children included in the survey.