Table 1.

Effects of mutations affecting membrane composition on protein and lipid mobility

E. coli strain	Effect on membrane composition	BODIPY FL-C12 diffusion coefficient (μm2 s−1) ± SD	Helix1021-GFP diffusion coefficient (μm2 s−1) ± SD
Wild-type (DH5α)		1.2 ± 0.30	0.43 ± 1.3
Δtat	Loss of twin-arginine translocon (Tat) subunits (Wexler et al., 2000)	1.3 ± 0.58	0.32 ± 0.08
Δtat overexpressing tatABC	Dense packing of the membrane with Tat subunits (Bolhuis et al., 2001)	1.3 ± 0.25
Δlpp	Loss of lipoprotein Lpp	1.96 ± 0.71	0.38 ± 0.15
Δlpp ΔpgsA	Loss of lipoprotein Lpp and reduced levels of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin (Dowhan, 1997)	0.66 ± 0.22	0.43 ± 0.22
Δcls	Loss of the major pathway for cardiolipin synthesis (Dowhan, 1997)	1.04 ± 0.41	0.50 ± 0.19
ΔpssA	Loss of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Dowhan, 1997)	2.6 ± 0.84	0.32 ± 0.07
Δpsd	Loss of phosphatidylethanolamine (Dowhan, 1997)	1.6 ± 0.53	0.52 ± 0.10

All cells were grown and measured at 37°C. Mean diffusion coefficients (± SD, n = 10) are shown.