Measured brain volume (Aa), predicted brain volume (Ab), and brain volume mean model with confidence intervals on the mean parameters (Ac) for boys and girls of the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development (NIHPD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) groups. Measured normalized thalamus (Ba), predicted normalized thalamus (Bb), and normalized thalamus mean model with confidence intervals on the mean parameters (Bc) for boys and girls of the NIHPD and MS groups. Note the heterogeneity in the MS group. The participants with an asterisk had a more striking loss of thalamic volume and a more negative slope of thalamic volume over time and were removed from the study (detailed in figure e-1) to determine if they were driving the fit. We found that the resulting parameter values changed only slightly, without changing the statistical results.