Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Surviving and Not Surviving to Hospital Discharge
| No. (%)(N =1551) | Survivors (n=543) | Non-Survivors (n= 1008) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age groups | <0.001 | |||
| Neonates (0–1 month) | 481 (31.0) | 165 (30.4) | 316 (31.3) | |
| Infants (1–12 months) | 358 (23.1) | 167 (30.8) | 191 (18.9) | |
| Young Children (1–8 years) | 358 (23.1) | 120 (22.1) | 238 (23.6) | |
| Older Children (8–18 years) | 354 (22.8) | 91 (16.8) | 263 (26.1) | |
| Male Sex | 900 (58.0) | 301(55.4) | 599(59.4) | 0.13 |
| Race | 0.01 | |||
| White | 853 (55.0) | 318 (58.6) | 535 (53.1) | |
| Black | 333 (21.5) | 103 (19.0) | 230 (22.8) | |
| Other | 199 (12.8) | 78 (14.4) | 121 (12.0) | |
| Unknown | 166 (10.7) | 44 (8.1) | 122 (12.1) | |
| Event Characteristics | ||||
| Initial Rhythm | 0.03 | |||
| Asystole | 526 (33.9) | 166 (30.6) | 360 (35.7) | |
| PEA | 835 (53.8) | 295 (54.3) | 540 (53.6) | |
| VF | 102 (6.6) | 42 (7.7) | 60 (6.0) | |
| Pulseless VT | 88 (5.7) | 40 (7.4) | 48 (4.8) | |
| Night* (11pm to 6:59am) | 429 (27.9) | 140 (26.0) | 289 (28.9) | 0.23 |
| Weekend (11pm Fri to 6:59am Mon) | 457 (29.5) | 137 (25.2) | 320 (31.7) | 0.007 |
| Location | <0.001 | |||
| ICU | 1042 (67.2) | 368 (67.8) | 674 (66.9) | |
| Procedure areas | 117 (7.5) | 61 (11.2) | 56 (5.6) | |
| ED | 215 (13.9) | 45 (8.3) | 170 (16.9) | |
| Monitored | 39 (2.5) | 12 (2.2) | 27 (2.7) | |
| Unmonitored | 86 (5.5) | 36 (6.6) | 50 (5.0) | |
| Other | 52 (3.4) | 21(3.9) | 31 (3.1) | |
| Illness Category | <0.001 | |||
| Med-Cardiac | 221 (14.2) | 86 (15.8) | 135 (13.4) | |
| Med-Noncardiac | 540 (34.8) | 164 (30.2) | 376 (37.3) | |
| Surg-Cardiac | 332 (21.4) | 156 (28.7) | 176 (17.5) | |
| Surg-Noncardiac | 125 (8.1) | 54 (9.9) | 71 (7.0) | |
| Other | 333 (21.5) | 83 (15.3) | 250 (24.8) | |
| Pre-Existing Conditions | ||||
| Heart failure this admission | 108 (7.0) | 41 (7.6) | 67 (6.6) | 0.51 |
| Heart failure prior to admission | 82 (5.3) | 27 (5.0) | 55 (5.5) | 0.69 |
| Arrhythmia | 332 (21.4) | 123 (22.7) | 209 (20.7) | 0.38 |
| Hypotension | 594 (38.3) | 175 (32.2) | 419 (41.6) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 932 (60.1) | 323 (59.5) | 609 (60.4) | 0.72 |
| Renal insufficiency | 150 (9.7) | 28 (5.2) | 122 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic insufficiency | 59 (3.8) | 11 (2.0) | 48 (4.8) | 0.007 |
| Metabolic or electrolyte abnormality | 290 (18.7) | 78 (14.4) | 212 (21.0) | 0.001 |
| Baseline depression in CNS function | 216 (13.9) | 65 (12.0) | 151 (15.0) | 0.10 |
| Acute CNS non-stroke event | 116 (7.5) | 23 (4.2) | 93 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 106 (6.8) | 41(7.6) | 65 (6.4) | 0.41 |
| Sepsis | 220 (14.2) | 55 (10.1) | 165 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Major trauma | 164 (10.6) | 24 (4.4) | 140 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic or hematologic malignancy | 73 (4.7) | 7 (1.3) | 66 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Interventions in Place | ||||
| Assisted/mechanical ventilation | 1004 (64.7) | 329 (60.6) | 675 (67.0) | 0.01 |
| Intravenous antiarrhythmics | 69 (4.4) | 35(6.4) | 34 (3.4) | 0.005 |
| Intravenous vasopressors | 628 (40.5) | 175 (32.2) | 453 (44.9) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: PEA, pulseless electrical activity; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; ICU, intensive care unit; ED, emergency department; CNS, central nervous system; Mon, Monday; Fri, Friday
*
13 patients (5 survivors, 8 non-survivors) with missing data for time of cardiac arrest