Table 1b.
Summary of articles published on the effectiveness of community-based control strategies aimed at reducing porcine cysticercosis.
| Country [reference] |
Years of study |
Study design | Duration of follow-up |
Sample sizes (at the unit of the intervention and at the subject level pre and post intervention |
Control Strategy | Randomization/ control group |
Measurement of outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexico [11] | 1991-96 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
6 and 42 months |
1 village Tongue: Pre: 646; 6 mo: 449; 42 mo: 334 Serum: Pre: 269; 6 mo: 448; 42 mo: 326 |
Praziquantel (single dose 5mg/kg) MDA (87% coverage) |
No / No | Tongue examination and ¶EITB |
| Guatemala [12] | 1994-96 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
10 months | 2 villages Pre : 269 Post : 300 |
Niclosamide MDA (2g for >= 6 years old, 1 g for < 6 years old; coverage 74.9%) |
No / No | EITB |
| Mexico [21] | 2001-2003 | Pre-post prevalence comparison in sentinel pigs during controlled trial with study pigs |
4 to 8 months; 14 and 28 months for sentinel pigs |
One community Sentinel pigs : Pre : 29; 14 mo : 200; 28 mo : 50 |
S3Pvac (1 dose at 2 months in 48 study pigs and 2 doses at 2 and 3 months in 98 study pigs) |
No / No (for the sentinel pigs) |
Tongue examination |
| Mexico [17] | Not specified |
Pre-post prevalence comparison |
12 and 24 months |
6 villages (12 mo) and 4 villages (24 mo) Pre (6 villages): 814 Pre (4 villages) : 508 12 mo (6 villages) : 971 24 mo (4 villages) : 655 |
Vaccine prepared from crude antigens extracts |
No / No | Tongue examination |
| Peru [18] | Not specified |
Pre-post community- based randomized controlled trial (paired?) |
20 months with examinations every 4 months |
12 “treatment units”, 9 villages | One praziquantel MDA in humans (5mg/kg) coverage 75%, two oxfendazole MDA in pigs (30 mg/kg) |
Yes / Yes (one pyrantel pamoate MDA in humans (11 mg/kg) coverage 75%; no control MDA in pigs) |
EITB |
| Mexico [16] | 1986-87 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
«about» 1 year | 1 village (440 pigs pre and 300? pigs post) |
Education (meetings) * and praziquantel MDA (60% coverage) |
No / No | Tongue examination |
| Tanzania [9] | 2002-2004 | Pre-post community- based randomized controlled trial |
2-9 months | 42 villages in one district 133 pigs in intervention; 128 in control |
PRECEDE-PROCEED to develop educational package for farmers |
Yes / Yes(No education) |
Tongue examination and §AgELISA |
| Mexico [13] | 1992-93 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
6 months | 1 village Pre: 194; Post: 165 |
Education (6 months): (poster, pamphlet, two videos) |
No / No | Tongue examination and EITB |
| Ecuador [21] | 1986-87 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
12 months | Part of one canton Pre: 70 pigs; Post: 113 pigs |
Education (radio, poster, leaflet) and praziquantel (5 mg/kg; 76% coverage) |
No / No | “careful” inspection of pigs killed at the local slaughterhouse |
| Mexico [27] | 2009-2012 | Pre-post prevalence comparison |
39 months | 3 municipalities (AgELISA: Pre: 1012; post: 180; Tongue: Pre: 960; post: 396; Ultrasound: Pre: 786; post: 381) |
Education (pamphlets, meetings, videos) and pig vaccination (3 times at 6 months interval) with S3Pvac |
None | AbELISA, tongue inspection and ultrasound. |
*
MDA: Mass drug administration
§
AgELISA : Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay to detect antigens to T. solium
¶
EITB: Enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay to detect antibodies to T. solium