Table 1.

Summary of Diagnostic Accuracy of Findings on Chest Radiograph and Electrocardiogram for AHF in ED Patients presenting with Dyspnea

Finding		Pooled		Summary LR (95% CI)
		Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive	Negative
Chest Radiograph	Pulm Venous Congestion	0.54	0.96	12.0 (6.8–21.0)	0.48 (0.28–0.83)
	Interstitial Edema	0.34	0.97	12.0 (5.2–27.0)	0.68 (0.54–0.85)
	Alveolar edema	0.06	0.99	6.0 (2.2–16.0)	0.95 (0.93–0.97)
	Cardiomegaly	0.74	0.78	3.3 (2.4–4.7)	0.33 (0.23–0.48)
	Pleural Effusion	0.26	0.92	3.2 (2.4–4.3)	0.81 (0.77–0.85)
	Any edema	0.70	0.77	3.1 (0.60–16.0)	0.38 (0.11–1.3)
	Pneumonia	0.04	0.92	0.50 (0.29–0.87)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)
	Hyperinflation	0.03	0.92	0.38 (0.20–0.69)	1.1 (1.0–1.1)
Electrocardiogram	Atrial fibrillation	0.26	0.93	3.8 (1.7–8.8)	0.79 (0.65–0.96)
	New T-wave changes	0.24	0.92	3.0 (1.7–5.3)	0.83 (0.74–0.92)
	Any abnormal finding	0.50	0.78	2.2 (1.6–3.1)	0.64 (0.47–0.88)
	ST elevation	0.05	0.97	1.8 (0.80–4.0)	0.96 (0.95–1.0)
	ST depression	0.11	0.94	1.7 (0.97–2.9)	0.95 (0.90–1.0)

LR=Likelihood Ratio CI=Confidence Interval Pulm=Pulmonary

Adapted from: Wang CS, Fitzgerald JM, Schulzer M, Mak E, Ayas NT. Does This Dyspneic Patient in the Emergency Department Have Congestive HF? JAMA. 2005;294:1944–1956.