Enzymes regulating reactive oxygen species are essential to ecdysis. SOD (A), catalase (B), and heme peroxidase (C) were identified in silkworm molting fluids (supplemental Tables S5 and S6). The corresponding genes were knocked down in both Tribolium larvae and pupae. D, a summary of SOD, catalase, and heme peroxidase regulation of ROS production during melanization. Scale bar, 0.1 cm.