Figure 3.

Effect of Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE), schisandrin (Sch) A, and SchB on the expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutamate–cysteine ligase, modifier subunit (GCLM), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) in human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line cells. Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line cells were treated with SCE at 100–300 µg/mL, 20 µM SchA, or 200 µM SchB for 24 hours. Total ribonucleic acid was extracted from the treated cells and then the first-strand complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was synthesized. A quota of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (2 µL) was used as the template for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the target genes in each sample. (A–D) Bar graphs show the messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of NQO1, GCLM, HO-1, and GSTA4, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n=3).

Notes: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001 by one-way analysis of variance; Ctrl, control.