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. 2014 Dec 19;8:9–17. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S75439

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© 2015 Tran et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

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Skin surface curve obtained with a profilometer depicting R_y (wrinkle depth) and R_a (mean surface roughness).

Notes: R_y represents the maximum peak height of the profile minus the minimum valley of the profile, R_y = peak (maximum) − valley (minimum). R_a represents the area that the profile deviates above and below an average line generated to run through the center of the profile, R_a=1/ℓ₀∫^ℓ|y(x)|dx, where ℓ is the scan length and |y(x)| is the absolute value of the location of the profile relative to the mean profile height.