Table 1.
Study features and quality assessment
| Study feature | NOS score | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author, year, ref. | Design | Age of patients | Included period | Included disease | Number of patients | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | C1 | C2 | E1/O1 | E2/O2 | E3/O3 | Total |
| Goto, 2011 [20] | Case control study | No restriction | Apr 2002 to Feb 2011 | Heart disease | 14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Hamrick, 2003 [21] | Case control study | Children, one year | 1990 to 2001 | Congenital heart disease | 53 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Kolovos, 2003 [23] | Case control study | Children | Jul 1995 to Jun 2001 | Congenital heart disease after surgery | 74 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
| Luo, 2009 [24] | Case control study | Adult | Feb 2005 to Jun 2008 | Heart disease after surgery, chronic heart failure | 45 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Luo, 2010 [25] | Case control study | Adult | Jul 2005 to Jul 2009 | CPR patients | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Yap, 2003 [22] | Case control study | Adult | Dec 1998 to Jun 2001 | Heart disease | 10 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Betrus, 2007 [13] | Retrospective cohort study | Children | 1993 to 2001 | Congenital heart disease after surgery | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Cavagnaro, 2007 [14] | Retrospective cohort study | Children, one year | May 2003 to May 2005 | No restriction | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Gbadegesin, 2009 [15] | Retrospective cohort study | Children, ≤3 years | Jan 2000 to Apr 2005 | Congenital heart disease | 104 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Hoover, 2008 [16] | Retrospective cohort study | Children ≥1 month 18 years | 1990 to 2006 | Respiratory failure | 52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Paden, 2011 [17] | Retrospective cohort study | Children, ˂18 years | May 1997 to May 2007 | Respiratory failure, heart failure | 378 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Ricci, 2012 [18] | Prospective cohort study | Children | NR | Heart disease | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Wolf, 2013 [19] | Retrospective cohort study | Children | Jan 2002 to Dec 2011 | Heart disease | 153 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Blijdorp, 2009 [26] | Historically controlled trial | Neonatal | Oct 2002 to Oct 2006 | No restriction | 61 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
C, comparability; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; E, exposure; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale; NR, not reported; O, outcome; ref., reference; S, selection.