Figure 1.

Expected biodiversity responses (species richness and abundance) for different ecological groups of taxa (forest species, open-habitat species, generalists) to tree retention in the gradient from clearcut to forest. Response curves are schematically drawn; different shapes are possible. In the meta-analysis, retention was compared to two kinds of external controls: clearcuts and forest (arrows). Forest species and open-habitat species were the main target groups, and generalists were less emphasized.