Table 1.
Type of movement disorder | Age of onset | Duration | Frequency | Trigger | Response to AEDs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreathetosis (PKC)/Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) | Childhood/early adolescence | Typically <2 minutes | High (up to 100 per day) | Precipitated by sudden movements | Yes |
Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC)/Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) | Childhood/early adolescence | 5 minutes to 4 hours | Few per day-none for months | Alcohol, fatigue, caffeine, excitement | Not typically effective |
Paroxysmal exertion induced dyskinesia (PED) | Childhood/ early adolescence | 5 to 30 minutes | Daily-one per month | Precipitated by prolonged muscle exertion | Not typically effective |
Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia (PHD) | Childhood in familial, adulthood in sporadic | 30 to 45 seconds | 5 times a night-5 times a year | During non-REM sleep | May be effective |
AEDs antiepileptic drugs