Table 1.

Human dyskinesia classification system, (Demirkiran & Jankovic ¹⁹⁹⁵; Jankovic & Demirkiran ²⁰⁰²)

Type of movement disorder	Age of onset	Duration	Frequency	Trigger	Response to AEDs
Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreathetosis (PKC)/Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)	Childhood/early adolescence	Typically <2 minutes	High (up to 100 per day)	Precipitated by sudden movements	Yes
Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC)/Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD)	Childhood/early adolescence	5 minutes to 4 hours	Few per day-none for months	Alcohol, fatigue, caffeine, excitement	Not typically effective
Paroxysmal exertion induced dyskinesia (PED)	Childhood/ early adolescence	5 to 30 minutes	Daily-one per month	Precipitated by prolonged muscle exertion	Not typically effective
Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia (PHD)	Childhood in familial, adulthood in sporadic	30 to 45 seconds	5 times a night-5 times a year	During non-REM sleep	May be effective

AEDs antiepileptic drugs