Table 1.

Local factors evaluated for inclusion in models examining services offered by opioid treatment programs^*

Service (Dependent Variable)	Category	Local Factor (Independent Variables)	Data Source
Testing for communicable diseases (HIV, STIs, viral hepatitis)	Need	HIV cases, per 100 000 population	State Public Health Departments
		Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis cases, per 100 000 population
		Hepatitis C infection prevalence, per 100 000 population†	National Health Index41
		Treatment admissions for injection drug use, per 100 000 population	Treatment Episode Data Set42
	Resource Availability	Number of hospitals with specialty HIV/AIDS services, per 100 000 population	Area Resource File43
	Government Policy	HIV/AIDS-related grant funding by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, per capita	Kaiser State Health Facts44
		State regulatory requirement to test for syphilis on treatment intake	State Administrative Codes45
Psychiatric services (screening, assessment, pharmacotherapy)	Need	Mean number of mentally unhealthy days in the past month	Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System46
		Adults reporting inadequate social/emotional support, %
		Adults with serious mental illness, %	National Survey on Drug Use and Health47
	Resource Availability	Number of mental health professionals, per 100 000 population	Area Resource File43
	Government Policy	Funding of State Mental Health Agency, per capita	Kaiser State Health Facts48,49
		State Medicaid income eligibility threshold
		State offers Medicaid to low-income, non-disabled adults without dependents
Social services support	Need	Persons with disabilities, %	American Community Survey50
		Veterans, %
		Unemployed, %
		High school graduates, %
		Uninsured adults < 65 years old, %
		Adults < 65 years old with public insurance, %
		Adults under the poverty line, %
		Receiving public assistance, %‡
		Receiving food assistance, %‡
	Resource Availability	Revenue of human services non-profit organizations, per capita	National Center for Charitable Statistics51
	Government Policy	State Medicaid reimburses for methadone maintenance	National Conference of State Legislatures52
		State Medicaid income eligibility threshold	Kaiser State Health Facts49
		State offers Medicaid to low-income, non-disabled adults without dependents
		Income eligibility for State Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program	Welfare Rules Databook53

^*All variables were included in final models unless otherwise noted. STI= Sexually Transmitted Infections

^†Prevalence of hepatitis C infection per 100 000 population was not included in the final models as there was multicollinearity between this variable, HIV cases per 100 000 population, and gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis cases per 100 000. As hepatitis C prevalence is estimated and not reported, it was removed from the final models, resolving the multicollinearity.

^‡The percent receiving food assistance and percent receiving public assistance were not included in the final models as there was multicollinearity between these variables and the percent of persons under the poverty line.