Table 1.
Service (Dependent Variable) | Category | Local Factor (Independent Variables) | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|
Testing for communicable diseases (HIV, STIs, viral hepatitis) | Need | HIV cases, per 100 000 population | State Public Health Departments |
Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis cases, per 100 000 population | |||
Hepatitis C infection prevalence, per 100 000 population† | National Health Index41 | ||
Treatment admissions for injection drug use, per 100 000 population | Treatment Episode Data Set42 | ||
Resource Availability | Number of hospitals with specialty HIV/AIDS services, per 100 000 population | Area Resource File43 | |
Government Policy | HIV/AIDS-related grant funding by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, per capita | Kaiser State Health Facts44 | |
State regulatory requirement to test for syphilis on treatment intake | State Administrative Codes45 | ||
Psychiatric services (screening, assessment, pharmacotherapy) | Need | Mean number of mentally unhealthy days in the past month | Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System46 |
Adults reporting inadequate social/emotional support, % | |||
Adults with serious mental illness, % | National Survey on Drug Use and Health47 | ||
Resource Availability | Number of mental health professionals, per 100 000 population | Area Resource File43 | |
Government Policy | Funding of State Mental Health Agency, per capita | Kaiser State Health Facts48,49 | |
State Medicaid income eligibility threshold | |||
State offers Medicaid to low-income, non-disabled adults without dependents | |||
Social services support | Need | Persons with disabilities, % | American Community Survey50 |
Veterans, % | |||
Unemployed, % | |||
High school graduates, % | |||
Uninsured adults < 65 years old, % | |||
Adults < 65 years old with public insurance, % | |||
Adults under the poverty line, % | |||
Receiving public assistance, %‡ | |||
Receiving food assistance, %‡ | |||
Resource Availability | Revenue of human services non-profit organizations, per capita | National Center for Charitable Statistics51 | |
Government Policy | State Medicaid reimburses for methadone maintenance | National Conference of State Legislatures52 | |
State Medicaid income eligibility threshold | Kaiser State Health Facts49 | ||
State offers Medicaid to low-income, non-disabled adults without dependents | |||
Income eligibility for State Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program | Welfare Rules Databook53 |
All variables were included in final models unless otherwise noted. STI= Sexually Transmitted Infections
Prevalence of hepatitis C infection per 100 000 population was not included in the final models as there was multicollinearity between this variable, HIV cases per 100 000 population, and gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis cases per 100 000. As hepatitis C prevalence is estimated and not reported, it was removed from the final models, resolving the multicollinearity.
The percent receiving food assistance and percent receiving public assistance were not included in the final models as there was multicollinearity between these variables and the percent of persons under the poverty line.