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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014 Mar;48(3):231–235. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318299c8dd
All GES Studies (N = 125)
Liquid GES Studies (N = 33)
Solid GES Studies (N = 92)
Normal
(N = 55)
Gastroparesis
(N = 70)
P Normal
(N = 12)
Gastroparesis
(N = 21)
P Normal
(N = 43)
Gastroparesis
(N = 49)
P
Sex 21 F (38%) 37 F (53%) 0.102 6 F (50%) 13 F (62%) 0.506 15 F (35%) 24 F (49%) 0.172
Age (y) 9.9 ± 5.5 9.1 ± 6.1 0.451 1.6 ± 1.4 1.0 ± 0.8 0.166 12.2 ± 3.7 12.5 ± 3.5 0.657
Surgeries
 Appendectomy 0 2 0.206 0 0 NS 0 2 0.180
 Cholecystectomy 0 3 0.120 0 0 NS 0 3 0.099
 Cardiac surgery 2 0 0.108 2 0 0.54 0 0 NS
 Fundoplication 6 1 0.022* 1 1 0.679 5 0 0.014*
 G-tube 6 1 0.022* 2 1 0.252 4 0 0.029*
Comorbidities
 GER 27 26 0.180 12 9 0.001 15 17 0.985
 Neurodevelopmental
  delay
4 4 0.724 3 4 0.687 1 0 0.283
 Genetic disorder 1 2 0.706 1 1 0.679 0 1 0.346
 Prematurity 7 5 0.293 6 5 0.125 1 0 0.283
 Connective tissue
  disease
0 1 0.373 0 0 NS 0 1 0.346
 Type 1 diabetes 2 0 0.108 0 0 NS 2 0 0.127
 Hypothyroidism 0 1 0.373 0 0 NS 0 1 0.346
 Cystic Fibrosis 2 0 0.108 0 0 NS 2 0 0.127
 Other 0 0 NS 0 0 NS 0 0 NS
Symptoms
 Abdominal Pain 33 46 0.511 1 3 0.614 32 43 0.100
 Nausea 16 23 0.652 0 1 0.443 16 22 0.455
 Vomiting 35 46 0.809 9 18 0.443 26 28 0.747
 Difficulty w/meals 22 36 0.203 7 14 0.632 15 22 0.328
 Constipation 5 15 0.062 0 6 0.041 5 9 0.369
 Weight loss 3 11 0.071 0 0 NS 3 11 0.039
Medications before EGD
 Proton pump
  inhibitor
33 45 0.623 7 9 0.392 26 36 0.184
 H2 antagonist 4 2 0.252 2 1 0.252 2 1 0.482
*

Fisher exact test < 0.05.

Other = mitochondral disease, metabolic disease, biliary dyskinesia, myopathy, and milk protein allergy.

Bold values indicate statistically significant.

EGD indicates esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GES, gastric emptying scintigraphy.