All GES Studies (N = 125) |
Liquid GES Studies (N = 33) |
Solid GES Studies (N = 92) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal
(N = 55) |
Gastroparesis
(N = 70) |
P |
Normal
(N = 12) |
Gastroparesis
(N = 21) |
P |
Normal
(N = 43) |
Gastroparesis
(N = 49) |
P | |
Sex | 21 F (38%) | 37 F (53%) | 0.102 | 6 F (50%) | 13 F (62%) | 0.506 | 15 F (35%) | 24 F (49%) | 0.172 |
Age (y) | 9.9 ± 5.5 | 9.1 ± 6.1 | 0.451 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.166 | 12.2 ± 3.7 | 12.5 ± 3.5 | 0.657 |
Surgeries | |||||||||
Appendectomy | 0 | 2 | 0.206 | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 2 | 0.180 |
Cholecystectomy | 0 | 3 | 0.120 | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 3 | 0.099 |
Cardiac surgery | 2 | 0 | 0.108 | 2 | 0 | 0.54 | 0 | 0 | NS |
Fundoplication | 6 | 1 | 0.022* | 1 | 1 | 0.679 | 5 | 0 | 0.014* |
G-tube | 6 | 1 | 0.022* | 2 | 1 | 0.252 | 4 | 0 | 0.029* |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
GER | 27 | 26 | 0.180 | 12 | 9 | 0.001 | 15 | 17 | 0.985 |
Neurodevelopmental delay |
4 | 4 | 0.724 | 3 | 4 | 0.687 | 1 | 0 | 0.283 |
Genetic disorder | 1 | 2 | 0.706 | 1 | 1 | 0.679 | 0 | 1 | 0.346 |
Prematurity | 7 | 5 | 0.293 | 6 | 5 | 0.125 | 1 | 0 | 0.283 |
Connective tissue disease |
0 | 1 | 0.373 | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 1 | 0.346 |
Type 1 diabetes | 2 | 0 | 0.108 | 0 | 0 | NS | 2 | 0 | 0.127 |
Hypothyroidism | 0 | 1 | 0.373 | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 1 | 0.346 |
Cystic Fibrosis | 2 | 0 | 0.108 | 0 | 0 | NS | 2 | 0 | 0.127 |
Other† | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 0 | NS | 0 | 0 | NS |
Symptoms | |||||||||
Abdominal Pain | 33 | 46 | 0.511 | 1 | 3 | 0.614 | 32 | 43 | 0.100 |
Nausea | 16 | 23 | 0.652 | 0 | 1 | 0.443 | 16 | 22 | 0.455 |
Vomiting | 35 | 46 | 0.809 | 9 | 18 | 0.443 | 26 | 28 | 0.747 |
Difficulty w/meals | 22 | 36 | 0.203 | 7 | 14 | 0.632 | 15 | 22 | 0.328 |
Constipation | 5 | 15 | 0.062 | 0 | 6 | 0.041 | 5 | 9 | 0.369 |
Weight loss | 3 | 11 | 0.071 | 0 | 0 | NS | 3 | 11 | 0.039 |
Medications before EGD | |||||||||
Proton pump inhibitor |
33 | 45 | 0.623 | 7 | 9 | 0.392 | 26 | 36 | 0.184 |
H2 antagonist | 4 | 2 | 0.252 | 2 | 1 | 0.252 | 2 | 1 | 0.482 |
Fisher exact test < 0.05.
Other = mitochondral disease, metabolic disease, biliary dyskinesia, myopathy, and milk protein allergy.
Bold values indicate statistically significant.
EGD indicates esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GES, gastric emptying scintigraphy.