Oxidative, nitrosative, nitrative stress
|
|
|
|
NADPH oxidases |
Enzyme inhibition
|
|
|
|
apocynin, (VAS2870 or GKT137831) |
[39, 154] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [55, 155] |
|
AT-1 receptor antagonist |
[61] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [156] |
Xanthine oxidase |
Enzyme inhibition:
|
|
|
|
allopurinol |
[40, 41, 63, 64] |
No information |
eNOS |
Uncoupling inhibitors
|
|
|
|
L-Arginine |
[157] |
Potentially inhibits autophagy by NO [75, 158] |
|
tetrahydrobiopterin |
[68] |
Potentially inhibits autophagy by NO [159] |
|
IGF-1 |
[160] |
Potential inhibitor of autophagy [161] |
iNOS |
Enzyme inhibition:
|
|
|
|
L-NIL |
[162, 163] |
No information in the literature. |
Peroxynitrite |
Decomposition catalysts:
|
|
|
|
MnTMPyP |
[28] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [77] |
|
FP15 |
[164] |
|
Mitochondria oxidative stress |
MitoTEMPO |
[45] |
No information in the literature. |
NRF2 |
Activators:
|
|
|
|
Sulforafan |
[165] |
Potential autophagy inducer [166] |
|
DH404 |
[167] |
|
ROCK |
Enzyme inhibition:
|
|
|
|
Fasudil |
[168] |
Potential autophagy inducer [169] |
Cell death pathways – Autophagy/Mitophagy, Apoptosis, PARP-dependent cell death
|
|
p38 MAPK |
Enzyme inhibition:
|
|
|
|
SB 239063 |
170] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [76] |
PARP |
Enzyme inhibition:
|
|
|
|
PJ34 |
[118] |
|
|
3-aminobenzamide |
[171] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [172] |
AMPK activation |
Metformin |
[104] |
Potential autophagy inducer [99] |
GLP-1 |
GLP-1 agonists , DPP-4 inhibitors |
[173-177] |
Potential autophagy inducers [178] |
Inflammation
|
|
|
|
Cytokine expression (TNFα, IL1β, TGFβ) |
p38 MAPK inhibition |
[122] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [76] |
|
AT-1 receptor antagonist |
[57] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [156] |
Endocannabinoid system |
CB1 antagonist |
[38] |
Potential inhibitors of autophagy [139] |