Table 1. Organizational characteristics of treatment organizations by innovation adoption typology.
| Typology of InnovationAdoption | Available N | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual Adoption% (N) or Mean(SD) | PlannedAdoption% (N) or Mean(SD) | No Adoption% (N) or Mean (SD) | ||
| Organizational Structure | ||||
| Government-Owned | 6.5% (6) | 12.9% (8) | 9.5% (14) | 303 |
| Organizational Type** | 303 | |||
| Hospital | 16.1% (15) | 16.1% (10) | 7.4% (11) | |
| For-ProfitFreestanding | 11.8% (11) | 9.7% (6) | 29.1% (43) | |
| Non-ProfitFreestanding | 72.0% (67) | 74.2% (46) | 63.5% (94) | |
| Center has satellites** | 69.9% (65) | 62.9% (39) | 50.3% (73) | 300 |
| Center is member of provider association | 50.5% (47) | 54.1% (33) | 46.6% (68) | 300 |
| Center is accredited | 43.0% (40) | 40.3% (25) | 35.1% (52) | 303 |
| Treatment Services and Philosophy | ||||
| Levels of Care | 301 | |||
| Only outpatient (OP) | 59.1% (55) | 54.1% (33) | 66.0% (97) | |
| OP and inpatient/ residential (I/R) | 24.7% (23) | 24.6% (15) | 22.5% (33) | |
| Only I/R | 16.1% (15) | 21.3% (13) | 11.6% (17) | |
| Emphasis on 12-step model | 3.43 (1.52) | 2.87 (1.68) | 3.21 (1.76) | 302 |
| Emphasis on cognitive-behavioral counseling | 4.20 (0.95) | 4.42 (1.05) | 4.29 (0.92) | 299 |
| Emphasis on medical/ psychiatric model of addiction | 2.73 (1.68) | 2.83 (1.75) | 2.42 (1.76) | 299 |
| Emphasis on spiritual counseling | 2.44 (1.60) | 2.48 (1.64) | 2.26 (1.63) | 299 |
| Staffing | ||||
| Number of counselors | 18.05 (91.46) | 10.31 (14.22) | 9.32 (15.48) | 300 |
| % counselors with Master's degree | 47.28 (34.28) | 49.19 (35.06) | 43.19 (35.59) | 288 |
| Physician Access* | 301 | |||
| >1 MD on payroll | 32.3% (30) | 41.0% (25) | 20.4% (30) | |
| >1 MD On contract | 29.0% (27) | 34.4% (21) | 34.0% (50) | |
| No access | 38.7% (36) | 24.6% (15) | 45.6% (67) | |
Notes: Innovation typology data was available for 303 organizations. Sample sizes for these analyses ranged from 288 to 303. Significant differences by innovation typology
*
p < .05
**
p < .01 (two-tailed tests). The four measures of treatment philosophy range from 0 = no extent to 5 = very great extent.