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One hypothesis on the initiation of the inflammatory process in inflammatory bowel disease bases on an abnormal Th1 response mediated by the secretion of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor-α while the chronic inflammation is supported by interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 secreted by Th2 cells. IFN: Interferon; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.
