Table 2.

Age- and gender-adjusted mean (95% confidence intervals) KAP and PACIC, and p values of the differences in KAP and PACIC of people with diabetes consulting at the family physician-led hospital-based (VMMC) vs. local government-based (LGHU) first line health services

Factor		VMMC	LGHU	P value (using regress command)
Diabetes knowledge		70.7 (63.5-77.9)	58.7 (54.9-62.9)	<0.001
Positive attitudes		3.7 (3.5-3.8)	3.3 (3.2-3.4)	0.002
Negative attitudes		2.2 (1.9-2.6)	3.1 (2.8-3.5)	0.001
Fear		2.6 (1.9-3.4)	3.5 (2.8-3.5)	0.076
Perceived support needs		2.7 (2.2-3.1)	4.3 (3.9-4.7)	<0.001
Perceived support received		3.5 (3.1-4.0)	4.4 (4.2-4.6)	<0.001
Congruence of perceived support received to perceived support needs		0.89 (0.18-1.61)	0.11 (−0.38-0.60)	0.095
Perceived support attitudes		5.0 (5.0-5.0)	4.6 (4.4-4.8)	<0.001
Perceived ability to perform self-care/Perceptions of self-effciacy	Overall	3.7 (3.5-3.9)	3.2 (3.0-3.4)	<0.001
	To control blood glucose	4.3 (4.1-4.5)	3.2 (2.8-3.6)	<0.001
	To control weight	4.3 (4.1-4.5)	3.5 (3.2-3.8)	<0.001
	To do things needed to be done for diabetes	4.1 (3.8-4.3)	3.3 (3.0-3.6)	<0.001
	To handle feelings on diabetes	4.0 (3.8-4.3)	3.5 (3.2-3.8)	0.030
Patients’ assessment of chronic illness care	Summary of overall score	2.6 (2.1-3.2)	3.2 (3.1-3.3)	0.016
	Patient activation	2.6 (1.6-3.6)	3.5 (3.4-3.7)	0.086
	Delivery system design	3.3 (2.5-4.0)	3.6 (3.4-3.8)	0.465
	Goal setting	2.6 (2.0-3.2)	3.1 (3.0-3.3)	0.064
	Problem solving	3.0 (2.7-3.2)	3.3 (3.1-3.5)	0.042
	Follow-up/coordination	2.1 (1.8-2.3)	3.0 (2.9-3.2)	<0.001