Table II.
Association between socioeconomic characteristic and being a frequent attender for native Norwegians and high-, middle-, and low-income country immigrants: Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
| Native Norwegians0 | HIC1 Immigrants | MIC2 Immigrants | LIC3 Immigrants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | Crude OR | Adjusted OR* | |||||||||||||||||
| Age: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0–14 years | 0.12 (0.11–0.12) | 0.51 (80.49–0.53) | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) | 0.49 (0.47–0.51) | 0.11 (0.08–0.15) | 0.56 (0.42–0.75) | 0.12 (0.09–0.16) | 0.49 (0.33–0.63) | 0.07 (0.06–0.10) | 0.49 (0.37–0.64) | 0.10 (0.08–0.13) | 0.50 (0.39–0.65) | 0.08 (0.06–0.11) | 0.40 (0.28–0.57) | 0.10 (0.08–0.14) | 0.55 (0.38–0.78) | ||||||||||||||||
| 15–44 years | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 1.26 (1.24–1.28) | 0.48 (0.48–0.49) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.44 (0.41–0.48) | 0.87 (0.80–0.96) | 0.72 (0.89–0.75) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.53 (0.50–0.60) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.79 (0.70–0.90) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 0.44 (0.38–0.50) | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | ||||||||||||||||
| 45–64 years (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 65 years and older | 1.48 (1.46–1.49) | 0.93 (0.92–0.95) | 1.99 (1.96–2,01) | 1.05 (1.02– 1.07) | 1.36 (1.27–1.46) | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) | 1.71 (1.57–1.86) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | 0.43 (0.37–0.48) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 0.62 (0.54–0.70) | 0.72 (0.50–1.01) | 0.41 (0.27–0.63) | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) | 0.58 (0.37–0.91) | ||||||||||||||||
| Income in Norway: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No income (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
| Low income | 0.80 (0.79–0.81) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 0.80 (0.80–0.82) | 0.87 (0.85–0.89) | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 1.20 (1.12–1.29) | 0.78 (0.72–0.85) | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 0.95 (0.78–1.18) | ||||||||||||||||
| Middle income | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 1.26 (1.24–1.28) | 0.74 (0.73–0.75) | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 1.55 (1.43–1.67) | 0.67 (0.62–0.72) | 1.42 (1.26–1.59) | 1.29 (1.23–1.34) | 1.80 (1.70–1.90) | 0.95 (0.89– 1.00) | 1.69 (1.57–1.83) | 1.50 (1.36–1.66) | 1.56 (1.38–1.75) | 1.70 (1.49–1.94) | 1.86 (1.56–2.21) | ||||||||||||||||
| High income | 0.50 (0.49–0.52) | 0.71 (0.70–0.74) | 0.35 (0.34–0.36) | 0.51 (0.49–0.52) | 0.52 (0.46–0.59) | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 0.33 (0.29–0.34) | 0.57 (0.49–0.66) | 0.78 (0.68–0.89) | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 0.48 (0.43–0.54) | 0.75 (0.66–0.84) | 0.84 (0.52– 1.36) | 0.86 (0.50–1.48) | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) | 1.02 (0.72–1.44) | ||||||||||||||||
| Pregnancy: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-pregnant (ref.) | 1 | 1 | n.a. | n.a. | 1 | 1 | n.a. | n.a. | 1 | 1 | n.a. | n.a. | 1 | 1 | n.a. | n.a. | ||||||||||||||||
| Pregnant | 3.21 (3.17–3.26) | 6.48 (6.36–6.60) | n.a. | n.a. | 2.84 (2.67–3.02) | 7.26 (6.70–7.87) | n.a. | n.a. | 2.97 (2.84–3.11) | 6.69 (6.30–7.10) | n.a. | n.a. | 5.13 (4.67–5.62) | 8.28 (7.35–9.33) | n.a. | n.a. | ||||||||||||||||
Notes: *Logistic regression. Results adjusted for all other applicable variables in the table (age, pregnancy for women, income levels) and for pharmacological treatment (all 19 major Rx-MGs). 0. Native Norwegians. Nagelkerke R2 for adjusted model: 0.254 for women, 0.255 for men. 1. HIC = high-income country. Nagelkerke R2 for adjusted model: 0.251 for women, 0.237 for men. 2. MIC = middle-income country. Nagelkerke R2 for adjusted model: 0.301 for women, 0.245 for men. 3. LIC = low-income country. Nagelkerke R2 for adjusted model: 0.351 for women, 0.258 for men. n.a. = not applicable.