Table 3.

Results of multivariate analyses of variance testing for differences in epicuticular compounds separately for male and female Drosophila recens and Drosophila subquinaria. Analyses were conducted on the first four canonical variates from a discriminate function analysis among individuals based on their population of origin.

Species	Sex	Pillai’s trace	F	df	P	% variance1
Sympatry vs. allopatry
D. recens	Female	0.388	0.32	4,2	0.849	95.3
D. recens	Male	0.622	0.82	4,2	0.613	92.4
D. subquinaria	Female	0.992	98.17	4,3	0.002	95.9
D. subquinaria	Male	0.988	62.55	4,3	0.003	97.4
Sympatry vs. allopatric inland vs. allopatric coastal
D. subquinaria	Female	1.965	41.96	8,6	<0.001	95.9
D. subquinaria	Male	1.976	62.44	8,6	<0.001	97.4

¹Percent of the among-individual variance accounted for by the first four canonical variates.