Table 1. Characteristics participants in the effects of voluntary Ramadan fasting in haemodialysis patient study.

Patient characteristics	All patients	Non-diabetes patients	Diabetes patients only
	(n = 35) (n, %)	(n = 18) (n, %)	(n = 17) (n,%)
Age (mean year, SD)	54±11	52±14	56±6
Gender: Female	19 (54%)	9 (50%)	10 (58%)
Co-morbidity
Diabetes	17 (49%)	-	-
Hypertension	31 (89%)	15 (83%)	16 (94%)
IHD	7 (20%)	3 (17%)	4 (24%)
Duration on haemodialysis	6.4±4.9	8.5±5.1	4.1 ±3.6
(mean year, SD)
Causes of end-stage kidney disease
Diabetes	15 (43%)	-	15 (88%)
Hypertension	11 (31%)	10 (55%)	1 (6%)
Polycystic kidney disease	1 (3%)	1 (6%)	0
Systemic lupus erythematosus	1 (3%)	1 (6%)	0
Unknown	7 (20%)	6 (33%)	1 (6%)
Type of vascular access
AV fistula	32 (91%)	16 (89%)	16 (94%)
Cuffed catheter	3 (9%)	2 (11%)	1 (6%)
Duration of fasting (days, SD)	24±7	26±6	22±8