Table 2. Metabolic characteristics of the sham control, mice treated with vehicle and berberine.

	CCI Day 1
	Sham	Vehicle	Berberine	Reference range
BUN (mg/dL)	23.30±0.82	22.55±0.87	22.82±0.71	8–33
CRE (mg/dL)	0.17±0.01	0.17±0.02	0.18±0.02	0.2–0.9
ALT (mg/dL)	23.5±1.65	25.33±1.15	22.83±0.87	17–77

Values are expressed as means ± SEM. n = 6 mice/group. CCI: cortical impact injury; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRE: creatinine; ALT: alanine aminotransferase;