Table 2.
Significantly different ecophysiological traits among the three groups of Phragmites australis (EU: native European; AM: introduced North American; AMn: native North American) and one-way ANOVA F-ratios.
| EU (n = 6) | AM (n = 9) | AMn (n = 5) | F-ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aarea (μmol CO2 m−2·s−1) | 18.1 (1.4)ab | 20.1 (0.5)b | 15.4 (0.8)a | 5.86* |
| Amass (μmol CO2 g−1·s−1) | 0.22 (0.01)ab | 0.23 (0.01)b | 0.18 (0.01)a | 6.96** |
| gs (mol H2O m−2·s−1) | 0.28 (0.03)b | 0.34 (0.01)b | 0.19 (0.02)a | 11.46** |
| E (mmol H2O m−2·s−1) | 4.4 (0.3)b | 4.9 (0.1)b | 3.5 (0.2)a | 10.94** |
| Ci (μmol CO2 mol−1) | 244 (4)b | 251 (3)b | 225 (5)a | 11.90** |
| Leaf N content (mg·g−1) | 2.62 (0.11)b | 2.50 (0.04)ab | 2.22 (0.15)a | 4.20* |
| C:N-ratio | 17.7 (0.7)a | 18.3 (0.4)ab | 20.7 (1.3)b | 4.06* |
| PNUE (μmol CO2 g−1 N·s−1) | 8.33 (0.43)ab | 9.38 (0.24)b | 8.22 (0.22)a | 4.82* |
| IWUE (μmol CO2 mmol−1 H2O) | 68 (3)a | 62 (2)a | 83 (4)b | 13.13*** |
| CCmass (g glucose·g−1 dry mass) | 1.41 (0.01)b | 1.39 (0.01)b | 1.36 (0.01)a | 13.55*** |
| PEUE (μmol CO2 g−1·glucose·s−1) | 0.155 (0.010)ab | 0.167 (0.004)b | 0.133 (0.007)a | 5.88* |
| Payback time (h) | 448 (29)ab | 407 (10)a | 516 (29)b | 6.25** |
| Chl b (mg·g−1 dry mass) | 1.07 (0.05)ab | 1.09 (0.03)b | 0.86 (0.09)a | 5.31* |
| Chl b (mg·m−2) | 90 (6)ab | 94 (2)b | 73 (7)a | 4.80* |
| Leaf thickness (μm) | 19.4 (0.6) | 19.4 (0.4) | 21.8 (0.9) | 4.14* |
| LDMC (mg·g−1) | 368 (6)a | 343 (8)ab | 327 (10)b | 5.02* |
| Basal stem diameter (mm) | 5.4 (0.3)a | 6.3 (0.2)b | 7.4 (0.3)b | 10.82** |
| Shoot dry matter content (mg·g−1) | 284 (4)a | 273 (5)a | 232 (8)b | 19.89*** |
| PLeaf sheath (%) | 23.1 (0.7)a | 26.8 (0.7)b | 22.6 (1.9)a | 13.59*** |
| PStem (%) | 45.0 (1.5)ab | 41.7 (1.2)a | 48.6 (1.8)b | 5.65* |
Values are means (SE). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences among groups from Bonferroni's post hoc analysis at the 95.0% confidence level. A, leaf light-saturated photosynthetic assimilation; gs, leaf stomatal conductance; E, leaf transpiration rate; Ci, leaf intercellular CO2 concentration; PNUE, leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; IWUE, leaf intrinsic water use efficiency; CCmass, mass-based leaf construction cost; PEUE, leaf photosynthetic energy-use efficiency; LDMC, leaf dry matter content; Pleaf sheath and Pstem are proportions of leaf sheath and stem biomass to the total shoot biomass, respectively.
P < 0.05,
P < 0.01,
***P < 0.001.