TABLE 1.
Psychosocial Variables Tested as Correlates of E-Cigarette Use in a Sample of High School Students in Hawaii
| Variable (Items) | α | Sample Item | Correlation of Scale With | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking Frequency | Alcohol Frequency | Marijuana Frequency | |||
| Social-cognitive risk factors | |||||
| Smoker prototypes (4)a | .80 | The type of person your age who smokes is [popular]. | .18 | .14 | .16 |
| Smoking expectancies (5)b | .95 | Smoking helps you feel more [self-confident]. | .39 | .31 | .32 |
| Behavioral dysregulation (15)b | .84 | I often do things without stopping to think. | .18 | .23 | .19 |
| Emotional dysregulation (14)b | .87 | My moods change a lot from day to day. | .20 | .24 | .19 |
| Peer smoking (1)c | na | Do any of your friends smoke cigarettes? | .38 | .38 | .37 |
| Social-cognitive protective factors | |||||
| Parental support (5)b | .94 | When I feel bad about something, my parent will listen. | −.18 | −.19 | −.14 |
| Parental monitoring (5)b | .75 | My parent asks me what I do with my friends. | −.18 | −.21 | −.18 |
| Academic competence (5)b | .79 | I like school because I do well in class. | −.21 | −.22 | −.18 |
| Grades past year (1)d | na | Overall, what were your grades like the past year? | −.22 | −.14 | −.22 |
| Behavioral self-control (18)b | .89 | I like to plan things ahead of time. | −.21 | −.26 | −.22 |
| Emotional self-control (13)b | .90 | When I’m upset, I can stop myself from losing my temper. | −.14 | −.19 | −.16 |
| Social competence (5)b | .80 | I find it easy to make friends with other teenagers. | .01# | .03# | .04# |
| Problem behavior risk factors | |||||
| Parent–adolescent conflict (3)b | .83 | I have a lot of arguments with my parent. | .17 | .18 | .17 |
| Sensation seeking (5)b | .75 | I like to do things that are a little frightening. | .29 | .35 | .28 |
| Rebelliousness (4)b | .85 | I like to break the rules. | .36 | .42 | .40 |
na, not applicable. N for correlations = ~1910. Correlations are significant at P < .001 unless otherwise noted. #, indicates not significant.
a
Response = 1–5 adjective scale (Not at all–Very).
b
Response = 1–5 Likert scale (Not at all true–Very true).
c
Response = 0–4 count scale (None of my friends–4 or more of my friends).
d
Response = 1–5 categorical scale (1 = mostly F to 5 = mostly A).