Table 2.

Recommendations for Chlamydia trachomatis Screening by Major Organizations

Cohort	AAFP [40]	ACOG [36]	CDC [1,35]	NCSP [38]	USPSTF [37]
Sexually active nonpregnant women	Annual screening ≤ 24 years of age and others at increased risk	Annual screening ≤ 25 years of age and others at increased risk	Annual screening ≤ 25 years of age and others at increased risk	At least annual screening and with change of sexual partner ≤ 24 years of age and more often at assessment of clinician	Annual screening ≤ 24 years of age and others at increased risk
Pregnant women	Screen women ≤ 24 years of age and others at increased risk	Screen women ≤ 24 years of age and others at increased risk	Screen all; retesting for all positive or high risk	No specific recommendation	Screen women ≤ 24 years of age and others at increased risk
WSW	No specific recommendation	No specific recommendation	Screen as sexually active nonpregnant women	No specific recommendation
Men	“Current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms screening for chlamydial infection for men”	Consider screening young adult males in settings associated with high prevalence of chlamydia	Screen men in high-prevalence settings (adolescent clinics, correctional facilities, STI clinics)	At least annual screening and with change of sexual partner, ≤ 24 years of age, and more often at assessment of clinician	“No recommendation due to insufficient evidence”
MSM	No specific recommendation	No specific recommendation	Annual urine NAAT for those having insertive intercourse and rectal swab NAAT for those having receptive anal intercourse	No specific recommendation	No specific recommendation
High-risk groups	No specific recommendation	High-prevalence areas, those entering detention facility, those who exchange sex for drugs or money	High-prevalence areas, those entering detention or correctional facility ≤ 35 years of age	Defined at discretion of clinician	History of chlamydia or other STI, new or multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, sex work
Retesting	No specific recommendation	Retesting of all pregnant women in the 3rd trimester	Retesting for all positive pregnant women in 3rd trimester	Test of cure not necessary unless treated with erythromycin	No specific recommendation

AAFP = American Academy of Family Physicians; ACOG = American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; MSM = men who have sex with men; NAAT = nucleic acid amplification test; NCSP = National Chlamydia Screening Programme; STI = sexually transmitted infection; USPSTF = US Preventive Services Task Force; WSW = women who have sex with women.