Table 3.
Socioeconomic and Comorbidity Status by Accrual Volume
| Factor | HHAC (n = 150) |
HLAC (n = 321) |
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Highest educational level completed | .11* | ||||
| Grade 1 to 8 | 1 | 0.7 | 22 | 6.9 | |
| Grade 9 to 11 | 22 | 14.7 | 46 | 14.3 | |
| High school graduate or GED | 54 | 36.0 | 123 | 38.3 | |
| Vocational school | 10 | 6.7 | 20 | 6.2 | |
| Associate's degree or some college | 17 | 11.3 | 46 | 14.3 | |
| Bachelor's degree | 18 | 12.0 | 30 | 9.3 | |
| Advanced degree | 9 | 6.0 | 14 | 4.4 | |
| Other | 2 | 1.3 | 6 | 1.9 | |
| Unknown/prefer not to answer | 17 | 11.3 | 14 | 4.4 | |
| Insurance status | .009† | ||||
| Other | 30 | 20.0 | 44 | 13.7 | |
| Private insurance | 78 | 52.0 | 135 | 42.1 | |
| Medicare | 12 | 8.0 | 21 | 6.5 | |
| Medicare and private insurance | 5 | 3.3 | 8 | 2.5 | |
| Medicaid | 4 | 2.7 | 25 | 7.8 | |
| Medicaid and Medicare | 1 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.9 | |
| Military or VA | 2 | 1.3 | 35 | 10.9 | |
| Self-pay | 1 | 0.7 | 11 | 3.4 | |
| No means of payment | 5 | 3.3 | 27 | 8.4 | |
| Unknown | 12 | 8.0 | 12 | 3.7 | |
| History of heart problems | .75‡ | ||||
| No | 135 | 90.0 | 284 | 88.5 | |
| Yes | 15 | 10.0 | 37 | 11.5 | |
| History of lung problems | .36‡ | ||||
| No | 136 | 90.7 | 299 | 93.1 | |
| Yes | 14 | 9.3 | 22 | 6.9 | |
| History of high blood pressure | .83‡ | ||||
| No | 106 | 70.7 | 222 | 69.2 | |
| Yes | 44 | 29.3 | 99 | 30.8 | |
| History of bleeding problems | .45‡ | ||||
| No | 149 | 99.3 | 314 | 97.8 | |
| Yes | 1 | 0.7 | 7 | 2.2 | |
| History of circulation problems | .56‡ | ||||
| No | 138 | 92.0 | 301 | 93.8 | |
| Yes | 12 | 8.0 | 20 | 6.2 | |
| History of liver problems | .60‡ | ||||
| No | 146 | 97.3 | 308 | 96.0 | |
| Yes | 4 | 2.7 | 13 | 4.0 | |
| History of diabetes or sugar in urine | .13‡ | ||||
| No | 135 | 90.0 | 302 | 94.1 | |
| Yes | 15 | 10.0 | 19 | 5.9 | |
| History of kidney or urine problems | 1.00‡ | ||||
| No | 147 | 98.0 | 314 | 97.8 | |
| Yes | 3 | 2.0 | 7 | 2.2 | |
| History of stroke | .77‡ | ||||
| No | 145 | 96.7 | 312 | 97.2 | |
| Yes | 5 | 3.3 | 9 | 2.8 | |
| History of thyroid problems | .24‡ | ||||
| No | 148 | 98.7 | 310 | 96.6 | |
| Yes | 2 | 1.3 | 11 | 3.4 | |
| History of seizure | .41‡ | ||||
| No | 147 | 98.0 | 309 | 96.3 | |
| Yes | 3 | 2.0 | 12 | 3.7 | |
| History of HIV/AIDS | .32‡ | ||||
| No | 149 | 99.3 | 321 | 100.0 | |
| Yes | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| History of frequent infections | 1.00‡ | ||||
| No | 149 | 99.3 | 318 | 99.1 | |
| Yes | 1 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.9 | |
| History of psychological problems | 1.00‡ | ||||
| No | 144 | 96.0 | 308 | 96.0 | |
| Yes | 6 | 4.0 | 13 | 4.0 | |
| History of other illness | .08‡ | ||||
| No | 142 | 94.7 | 287 | 89.4 | |
| Yes | 8 | 5.3 | 34 | 10.6 | |
Abbreviations: GED, General Educational Development; HHAC, historically high-accruing center; HLAC, historically low-accruing center; VA, Veterans Affairs.
*
Wilcoxon rank sum test; other and unknown were excluded.
†
Fisher's exact test of self-pay and no means of payment versus all others; unknown was excluded.
‡
Fisher's exact test.