Table II.
Selected demographic characteristics among entire sample and according to anesthetic group
| Variable | Overall n = 5,462 |
General anesthesia n = 4,768 |
Regional anesthesia n = 694 |
P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 68.8 ± 12.0 | 68.3 ± 12.1 | 71.8 ± 11.5 | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥80 yr (%) | 1,205 (22.1) | 997 (20.9) | 208 (30.0) | <0.0001 |
| Nonwhite race | 1,719 (31.5) | 1,485 (31.2) | 234 (33.7) | 0.1728 |
| Female gender | 2,147 (39.3) | 1,878 (39.4) | 269 (38.8) | 0.7521 |
| BMI | 27.0 ± 6.2 | 27.0 ± 6.0 | 26.8 ± 7.0 | 0.3606 |
| Diabetes | 2,657 (48.7) | 2,308 (48.4) | 349 (50.3) | 0.3540 |
| Current smoker | 2,194 (40.2) | 1,955 (41.0) | 239 (34.4) | 0.0010 |
| Functional status | ||||
| Independent | 4,189 (76.7) | 3,682 (77.2) | 507 (73.1) | 0.0152 |
| Partially/totally dependent | 1,273 (23.3) | 1,086 (22.8) | 187 (27.0) | |
| History of | ||||
| COPD | 728 (13.3) | 617 (12.9) | 111 (16.0) | 0.0270 |
| CHF | 201 (3.7) | 170 (3.6) | 31 (4.5) | 0.2386 |
| MI | 138 (2.5) | 123 (2.6) | 15 (2.2) | 0.5118 |
| Angina | 131 (2.4) | 118 (2.5) | 13 (1.9) | 0.3331 |
| Previous CABG | 1,407 (25.8) | 1,237 (25.9) | 170 (24.5) | 0.4150 |
| Previous PTCI | 1,028 (18.8) | 908 (19.0) | 120 (17.3) | 0.2698 |
| HTN | 4,633 (84.8) | 4,044 (84.8) | 589 (84.9) | 0.9700 |
| Revascularization or amputation | 3,156 (57.8) | 2,784 (58.4) | 372 (53.6) | 0.0171 |
| Dialysis dependence | 540 (9.9) | 477 (10.0) | 63 (9.1) | 0.4449 |
| TIA | 375 (6.9) | 323 (6.8) | 52 (7.5) | 0.4843 |
| Stroke without residual disability | 409 (7.5) | 370 (7.8) | 39 (5.6) | 0.0453 |
| Stroke with residual disability | 491 (9.0) | 428 (9.0) | 63 (6.1) | 0.9305 |
| Bleeding disordera | 1,315 (24.1) | 1,220 (25.6) | 95 (13.7) | <0.0001 |
| Preoperative sepsis (SIRS/sepsis/septic shock) | 384 (7.0) | 340 (7.1) | 44 (6.3) | 0.4464 |
| 10% or more weight loss in past 6 months | 122 (2.2) | 102 (2.1) | 20 (2.9) | 0.2161 |
| Acute renal failure | 109 (2.0) | 93 (2.0) | 16 (2.3) | 0.5321 |
| Transfer status | ||||
| Other hospital or facility | 426 (7.8) | 370 (7.8) | 56 (8.1) | 0.7766 |
| Admitted directly from home | 5,036 (92.2) | 4,398 (82.2) | 638 (91.9) | |
| ASA class | ||||
| No disturb, mild, severe (1–3) | 4,297 (78.7) | 3,742 (78.5) | 555 (78.0) | 0.3812 |
| Life-threatening or moribund (4–5) | 1,163 (21.3) | 1,024 (21.5) | 139 (20.0) | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 64.5 ± 34.2 | 64.9 ± 34.6 | 61.6 ± 31.0 | 0.0106 |
| Chronic dyspnea | 1,080 (19.8) | 929 (19.5) | 151 (21.8) | 0.1600 |
| Wound class >1b | 834 (15.3) | 711 (14.9) | 123 (17.7) | 0.0544 |
| Chronic steroid use | 260 (4.8) | 234 (4.9) | 26 (3.8) | 0.1794 |
| Rest pain/gangrene | 4,244 (77.7) | 3,713 (77.9) | 531 (76.5) | 0.4212 |
| WBC | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 8.4 ± 3.0 | 0.1130 |
| HCT | 36.2 ± 5.8 | 36.2 ± 5.8 | 36.0 ± 5.6 | 0.3879 |
| Platelet count | 275.0 ± 110.4 | 275.4 ± 110.4 | 272.0 ± 110.6 | 0.4520 |
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; eGER, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MAC, monitored anesthesia care; PTCI, percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; HTN, hypertension; TIA, transient ischemic attack; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; WBC, white blood cell count; HCT, hematocrit; BMI, body mass index.
Bleeding disorder denotes disorders that increase risk for bleeding, such as presence of hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency, or long-term anticoagulation therapy that was not discontinued before surgery.
Wound class ranges from 1 to 4, where 1 = clean, 2 = clean–contaminated, 3 = contaminated, and 4 = dirty.
P values for tests of differences between general and regional anesthesia from χ2 test for categorical variables or t test for continuous variables.