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. 2014 Jul 31;5:4524. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5524

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Copyright © 2014, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.

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(a) The subjects held a manipulandum and were provided with virtual tools displayed on a screen over their hand. They were instructed to make a reaching movement with the tool from the reach start point to the tool target, following which they were presented with a ‘keyhole’. They judged if they can put their tool (key) into the keyhole using judgement buttons. (b) Each subject worked with one of two tool sets. (c) They performed three test sessions, each preceded by a calibration session. The calibration sessions included only ‘no-tool’ trials and was used to calibrate the reach boundary, about which the keyholes were presented in the following test session. (d and e) The judgement from the tool and no-tool trials in the test sessions were assimilated over 10 subjects to create the psychometric curves and examine the immediate effect of tools on the reach space of one’s arm. We observed a significant change in both the decision boundary (T(9)=3.59, P=0.0058; two-tailed t-test on the individual differences between tool trials and no-tool trials) and sensitivity (T(9)=3.13, P=0.012; two-tailed t-test on the individual differences between the slopes of the tool and no-tool trials) between the tool and no-tool trials. Error bars represent s.e.