Table 1.
Baseline characteristics in men and women by treatment groups
| Control | Diet | Exercise | Diet plus exercise | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men (n = 179) | ||||
| N (%) | 44 (25) | 47 (26) | 42 (23) | 46 (26) |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 4.1±0.5 | 4.1±0.5 | 4.0±0.4 | 4.1±0.4 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 | 0.9±0.1 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 112.5±10.4 | 113.2±11.7 | 113.1±12.6 | 113.2±11.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 76.0±7.6 | 75.4±8.4 | 75.7±6.3 | 75.4±8.3 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 2.0±1.0 | 2.1±1.1 | 2.0±0.7 | 1.8±0.7 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2±4.8 | 5.4±0.4 | 5.4±3.5 | 5.3±0.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.9±8.7 | 95.3±10.0 | 94.9±7.8 | 95.4±8.5 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 21.0±3.8 | 21.4±4.5 | 22.0±4.9 | 22.0±4.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7±2.9 | 26.8±3.1 | 26.7±2.7 | 26.8±2.6 |
| Metabolic syndromea n (%) | 9 (20) | 15 (32) | 13 (31) | 16 (35) |
| Metabolic syndrome scoreb | −1.5±3.1 | −1.2±2.8 | −1.1±2.6 | −1.5±2.6 |
| Women (n = 149) | ||||
| N (%) | 37 (25) | 40 (27) | 35 (23) | 37 (25) |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 4.2±0.5 | 4.2±0.6 | 4.4±0.6 | 4.3±0.5 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 113.3±12.6 | 116.1±15.7 | 115.2±13.2 | 114.0±13.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.2±7.7 | 73.7±8.8 | 73.4±7.8 | 71.7±7.9 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.8±0.8 | 1.8±0.9 | 1.9±1.0 | 1.8±0.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2±0.5 | 5.2±0.4 | 5.3±0.5 | 5.2±0.6 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.1±11.7 | 84.9±7.7 | 84.0±7.1 | 83.6±9.2 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 31.6±5.7 | 31.9±4.7 | 32.2±4.9 | 33.3±5.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9±3.9 | 26.5±2.9 | 26.1±2.4 | 26.5±3.4 |
| Metabolic syndromean (%) | 10 (27) | 12 (30) | 11 (31) | 14 (38) |
| Metabolic syndrome scoreb | −1.7±3.3 | −1.6±2.6 | −1.3±2.7 | −1.8±3.3 |
Data are presented as mean ± s.d. There were no significant differences between treatment groups for any of the lipid, metabolic, or anthropometric variables in either men or women at baseline.
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Metabolic syndrome prevalence as defined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) (4). No significant differences between groups in men or women.
Metabolic syndrome score: sum of standardized scores of systolic mean arterial pressure, HDL-C, triglycerides, waist circumference, and fasting glucose created from subtracting the individual cardiovascular risk factor from the NHLBI/AHA criteria and dividing by the sample standard deviation. No significant differences between groups in men or women at baseline.