Table 2.
Changes in standardized scores for individual metabolic syndrome components by treatment group in men and women
| Control | Diet | Exercise | Diet plus exercise | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||
| Waist circumference | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.21±0.06 | −0.49±0.06*,*** | 0.20±0.06 | −0.69±0.06**,†,†† | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | −0.31±0.05 | −0.44±0.05*** | 0.25±0.05 | −0.63±0.05**,†,†† | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.21±0.16 | −0.03±0.15 | −0.05±0.15 | −0.11±0.15 | 0.48 |
| Model 2 | 0.12±0.16 | −0.005±0.15 | −0.08±0.16 | −0.03±0.15 | 0.81 |
| HDL-C | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.42±0.10 | 0.34±0.09 | 0.57±0.10 | 0.43±0.09 | 0.29 |
| Model 2 | 0.52±0.10 | 0.27±0.09 | 0.62±0.09***,†† | 0.36±0.09 | 0.04 |
| MAP | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.27±0.10 | −0.05±0.10* | 0.04±0.10 | −0.17±0.10** | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | 0.19±0.10 | −0.01±0.10 | 0.001±0.10 | −0.12±0.09 | 0.17 |
| Fasting glucose | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.65±0.16 | −0.86±0.15 | −0.67±0.16 | −0.99±0.15 | 0.31 |
| Model 2 | −0.70±0.16 | −0.84±0.15 | −0.70±0.16 | −0.97±0.15 | 0.54 |
| Women | |||||
| Waist circumference | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.10±0.08 | −0.24±0.08* | −0.10±0.08 | −0.40±0.08**,†† | 0.004 |
| Model 2 | −0.07±0.08 | −0.18±0.07 | −0.12±0.08 | −0.32±0.08 | 0.14 |
| Triglycerides | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.23±0.14 | −0.04±0.14 | −0.14±0.15 | −0.10±0.15 | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | 0.17±0.14 | 0.005±0.14 | −0.16±0.14 | −0.01±0.15 | 0.42 |
| HDL-C | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.37±0.14 | 0.33±0.14 | 0.75±0.15 | 0.26±0.15 | 0.07 |
| Model 2 | 0.39±0.14 | 0.31±0.14 | 0.75±0.15 | 0.25±0.15 | 0.06 |
| MAP | |||||
| Model 1 | 0.05±0.13 | 0.03±0.15 | 0.06±0.13 | −0.22±0.13 | 0.35 |
| Model 2 | 0.06±0.12 | 0.04±0.13 | 0.07±0.13 | −0.26±0.13 | 0.21 |
| Fasting glucose | |||||
| Model 1 | −0.03±0.15 | −0.46±0.14 | −0.31±0.15 | −0.49±0.15 | 0.09 |
| Model 2 | −0.08±0.15 | −0.41±0.15 | −0.43±0.15 | −0.43±0.15 | 0.31 |
Mean ± s.e. are presented as standardized scores calculated from individual risk factors subtracted from the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria, then divided by standard deviation. Model 1: adjusts for baseline individual risk factor standardized score, cohort, age, and menopausal hormonal therapy (as appropriate). Model 2: adjusts for the previous covariates as well as baseline body fat (%) and the change in body fat (%). Bold face values indicate statistical significance.
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP, mean arterial pressure; WC, waist circumference.
Control different from diet (P < 0.05).
Control different from diet plus exercise (P < 0.05).
Diet different from exercise (P < 0.05).
Diet different from diet plus exercise (P < 0.05).
Exercise different from diet plus exercise (P < 0.05).