Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Total |
|---|---|
| Number of subjects (%) | 367 |
| Women | 242 (65.9) |
| Caucasians | 365 (99.5) |
| Smokers | 43 (11.7) |
| Uncontrolled hypertension | 133 (36.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 39 (10.6) |
| Previous cardiovascular disease | 42 (11.4) |
| Previous cerebrovascular disease | 24 (6.5) |
| Mean (±SD) characteristic | |
| Age, y | 66.2 (14.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.1 (4.5) |
| Conventional BP, mmHg | |
| Systolic | 140.3 (17.5) |
| Diastolic | 79.6 (10.7) |
| Self-recorded systolic BP, mmHg | |
| All measurements | 131.5 (14.1) |
| Morning | 133.1 (16.5) |
| Evening | 132.0 (15.7) |
| Morning-evening difference | 1.1 (12.5) |
| Self-recorded diastolic BP, mmHg | |
| All measurements | 73.8 (7.6) |
| Morning | 75.8 (8.4) |
| Evening | 73.5 (8.2) |
| Morning-evening difference | 2.3 (6.1) |
| Self-recorded pulse rate, beats/min | |
| All measurements | 71.3 (10.9) |
| Morning | 69.4 (11.2) |
| Evening | 72.0 (11.6) |
| Number of self-recorded BP measurements | 24.7 (2.9) |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs | 2.2 (1.0) |
| Serum cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.89 (1.0) |
Uncontrolled hypertension was a home blood pressure of at least 135 mmHg systolic or 85 mmHg diastolic. Diabetes mellitus was a self-reported diagnosis, a fasting or random blood glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) or higher, or a use of antidiabetic drugs. Smoking was daily use of tobacco products. Previous cardiovascular disease included ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, or congestive heart failure. Previous cerebrovascular disease included transient ischemic attack or stroke.