Table 2.

Additional biomarkers proposed to correlate with post-transplant outcome

Indication/Marker(s)	Sample Source	Laboratory Platform	Specimen Time and Finding	Refs.
Chronic allograft damage
ACY-1	Serum	ELISA	May distinguish patients with delayed graft function at high/low risk for future graft loss	51
B2M	Serum	Multiple	Baseline strongly associated with subsequent death/graft loss	52
CXCL-9	Urine	ELISA	Low 6-mo value associated with stable eGFR to 24 mo; multicenter validation	53
CCL-2	Urine	ELISA	6-Mo measure associated with future graft loss	54
Chronic antibody-mediated rejection
Gene expression	Biopsy	Microarray	Early and late biopsies	63–65
MicroRNA 142–5p	Blood	MicroRNA TaqMan assays	Increased detection in the blood at time of biopsy-proven chronic antibody mediated rejection	55
Tribbles-1	Blood	RT-PCR	Increased expression at time of biopsy-proven chronic antibody mediated rejection with high specificity and sensitivity versus other types of late allograft injury	56