Table 2.
Indication/Marker(s) | Sample Source | Laboratory Platform | Specimen Time and Finding | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chronic allograft damage | ||||
ACY-1 | Serum | ELISA | May distinguish patients with delayed graft function at high/low risk for future graft loss | 51 |
B2M | Serum | Multiple | Baseline strongly associated with subsequent death/graft loss | 52 |
CXCL-9 | Urine | ELISA | Low 6-mo value associated with stable eGFR to 24 mo; multicenter validation | 53 |
CCL-2 | Urine | ELISA | 6-Mo measure associated with future graft loss | 54 |
Chronic antibody-mediated rejection | ||||
Gene expression | Biopsy | Microarray | Early and late biopsies | 63–65 |
MicroRNA 142–5p | Blood | MicroRNA TaqMan assays | Increased detection in the blood at time of biopsy-proven chronic antibody mediated rejection | 55 |
Tribbles-1 | Blood | RT-PCR | Increased expression at time of biopsy-proven chronic antibody mediated rejection with high specificity and sensitivity versus other types of late allograft injury | 56 |