Table 9.

Blood biochemistry data of main groups in the 90-day gavage study of 100 nm zinc oxide nanoparticles^*

	Negative control	Vehicle control	31.25 mg/kg	125 mg/kg	500 mg/kg
n#	10	10	10	10	10
ZnOAE100(−)
Male
TP (g/dL)	2.9±0.3	6.0±0.2	6.0±0.3	5.6±0.3	5.4±0.4b,d
Alb (g/dL)	2.3±0.1	2.5±0.1	2.4±0.1	2.3±0.1c	2.2±0.1a,d
AP (U/L)	264±40	319±144	325±59	284±49	445±131a
P (mg/dL)	6.7±0.5	6.7±0.4	6.6±0.6	6.9±0.7	8.2±1.3b,d
Female
TP (g/dL)	6.7±0.3	6.5±0.4	6.6±0.4	6.1±0.3	5.6±0.4b,d
Alb (g/dL)	2.9±0.2	2.9±0.2	3.0±0.2	2.8±0.2	2.6±0.1b,c
Glu (mg/dL)	156±16	137±14	145±21	139±13	126±23a
Cl (mmol/L)	107.7±1.9	107.6±1.9	108.8±1.6	108.5±1.7	110.0±1.1c
ZnOAE100(+)
Male
TP (g/dL)	6.2±0.4	6.2±0.3	6.1±0.2	5.8±0.2	5.4±0.4b,d
Alb (g/dL)	2.5±0.2	2.4±0.1	2.5±0.1	2.4±0.1	2.3±0.1a
Glu (mg/dL)	173±43	154±18	155±23	148±10	130±12a
P (mg/dL)	6.6±0.6	6.5±0.6	7.0±0.6	6.8±0.7	7.6±0.6b,d
Female
TP (g/dL)	7.1±0.4	6.6±0.4	6.5±0.3a	6.3±0.4b	5.6±0.4b,d
Alb (g/dL)	3.2±0.3	2.9±0.2	2.8±0.2	2.9±0.2	2.5±0.2b,d
AP (U/L)	159±39	173±49	189±53	178±54	349±70b,d
T-Cho (mg/dL)	82±12	79±13	71±13	70±20	62±12b
Ca (mg/dL)	10.8±0.3	10.3±0.4	10.3±0.3c	10.5±0.2	10.4±0.3c
CK (IU/L)	300±142	427±204	512±286	437±167	795±360b

Notes:

^*Data are given as mean ± standard deviation;

^#number of animals. Significantly different from negative control (^aP<0.05, ^bP<0.01) and vehicle control (^cP<0.05, ^dP<0.01) by Scheffé’s test.

Abbreviations: Alb, albumin; AP, alkaline phosphatase; Ca, calcium; CK, creatine kinase; Cl, chloride; Glu, glucose; P, inorganic phosphorus; T-Cho, total cholesterol; TP, total protein; ZnO, zinc oxide; ZnO^AE100(−), 100 nm negatively charged ZnO; ZnO^AE100(+), 100 nm positively charged ZnO.