Table 1.
Clinical presentations of Chiari malformation type I in children
| Tubbs et al. [5] Alabama | Benglis et al. [4] Miami | Caldarelli et al. [2] Roma | Greenlee et al. [3] Iowa | Albert et al. [6] Iowa | Aitken et al. [7] San Francisco | Park et al. [1] Boston | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study period | 1989-2010 | 1999-2008 | 1993-2005 | 1987-2001 | 1984-2007 | 1997-1998 | 1988-1996 |
| No. of children | 500 | 124 | 30 | 31 | 39 | 51 | 68 |
| Inclusion criteria | - | no surgery | symptomatic | age <6 | age <6 | age <20 | - |
| Retrospective study | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Age at diagnostis | 11 | 7 | 5,5 | 3,5 | 3,5 | 11 | 12 |
| Male % | 54 | - | 40 | 42 | 39 | - | 48 |
| Surgery | 500 | 0 | 30 | 25 | 39 | 8 | 68 |
| Asymptomatic % | - | 35 | 0 | - | - | 37 | - |
| Serious manifestations % | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Loss of consciousness % | 1,2 | 1,6 | - | - | - | 4 | - |
| Headache % | 40 | 39 | 57 | 23 | 46 | 55 | 63 |
| Neck pain % | - | 11 | - | - | - | 12 | - |
| Ataxia % | 4 | - | 20 | - | - | 8 | 16 |
| Sleep apnea % | 5 | - | 20 | 29 | - | - | - |
| Motor deficit % | 10 | 4 | 70 | 3 | - | 20 | 45 |
| Sensory deficit % | - | 12 | 36 | 6 | - | 6 | - |
| Scoliosis % | 18 | 4 | 7 | 23 | 28 | 2 | 16 |
| Dysphagia, oropharyngeal dysfunction % | 4 | - | 7 | 35 | 74 | - | - |
| Vomiting % | 3 | 16 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Dyspnea % | 1,2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Dysarthria % | 5 | - | 7 | - | - | 4 | - |
| Abnormal movement | - | - | - | 19 | - | - | - |
- = no value.