a, RNA can compete with DNA for binding to DRBPs, typically at the same protein interface. In the case of transcription factors, this can reduce promoter occupancy and the transcription of target genes. b, DRBPs can regulate gene expression at multiple levels. In addition to binding to the promoters of genes to regulate their transcription, DRBPs can also affect miRNA processing and mRNA stability and translation. c, DRBPs, such as SF-1, can bind DNA and RNA simultaneously, whereby the RNA functions as scaffold to recruit other proteins to a specific DNA locus. Shown here is the DRBP, SF-1, binding to the lncRNA SRA to recruit the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) transcriptional complex in a ligand independent manner.