Table 3.
Plasma responses of glucose, insulin, and BUN in response to mixed meals
| Glucose |
Insulin, μIU/ml |
BUN, mmol/l |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | n (M/F) | Mean, mmol/l | AUC, mmol·l−1·h−1 | F | B1 | L1 | D1 | F | B1 | B2 | L1 | L2 | D1 | D2 |
| 1RDA-U | 4 (3/1) | 6.48 ± 0.4 | 390 ± 25 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 54.2 ± 19.6 | 61.8 ± 22.8 | 56.1 ± 17.4 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.8 | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.6 | 6.8 ± 0.7 |
| 1RDA-E | 5 (1/4) | 7.21 ± 0.4 | 436 ± 25 | 10.9 ± 3.6 | 53.7 ± 11.2 | 53.5 ± 29.1 | 37.2 ± 9.2 | 8.6 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.09 ± 0.6 | 7.91 ± 0.5 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 7.7 ± 0.5 |
| 2RDA-U | 6 (4/2) | 6.72 ± 0.5 | 413 ± 32 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 61.7 ± 9.4 | 66.9 ± 20.8 | 56.0 ± 17.8 | 11.2 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.4 | 10.3 ± 1.5 | 10.2 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 1.4 | 9.8 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.2 |
| 2RDA-E | 5 (2/3) | 6.11 ± 0.2 | 366 ± 11 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 48.0 ± 9.9 | 42.7 ± 5.7 | 32.9 ± 10.4 | 12.1 ± 0.6 | 12.0 ± 0.5 | 11.5 ± 0.8 | 12.65 ± 1.0 | 12.7 ± 0.9 | 12.5 ± 1.3 | 12.6 ± 1.0 |
Values are expressed as means ± SE; n, no of subjects. B1, B2, L1, L2, D1, and D2 are postmeal measurements at time points of 210, 240, 480, 510, 750, and 780 min, respectively, for breakfast (B), lunch (L), and dinner (D); F, fasted; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AUC, area under curve. Mean differences for glucose (1 factor) and insulin and BUN (2 factor) were compared using repeated measures of ANOVA. There were no protein amount × distribution interactions for glucose, insulin, and BUN. Furthermore, there was no significant treatment or distribution effect for glucose and insulin responses. However, there was a significant treatment effect of protein amount for BUN: 2RDA was significantly higher than 1RDA, P = 0.0017.