Table 1. Reference case model data.
| Parameter | Description | Mean Value |
Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | |||
| u_Healthstate_High | Annual utility value for patients in the High utility Markov state |
0.786 | Clinicaltrials# NCT00799097; NIH: R01 DC005805 |
| u_Healthstate_Moderate | Annual utility value for patients in the Moderate utility Markov state |
0.619 | Clinicaltrials# NCT00799097; NIH: R01 DC005805 |
| u_Healthstate_Low | Annual utility value for patients in the Low utility Markov state |
0.499 | Clinicaltrials# NCT00799097; NIH: R01 DC005805 |
| Probabilities | |||
| p_ESS_Majorcomplication | Probability of major intraoperative complication during ESS |
0.01 | Ramakrishnan et al.14 |
| p_ESS_Postop_Complication | Probability of any postop complication | 0.1727 | Stankiewicz et al.15; Dalziel et al.16; Ramakrishnan et al.14 |
| p_ESS_Postop_Hemorrhage | Probability that a postop complication is a hemorrhage (ie. Epistaxis) |
0.069 | Stankiewicz et al.15 |
| p_ESS_Postop_Hemorrhage_OR | Probability that postop epistaxis requires OR Tx | 0.73 | Stankiewicz et al.15 |
| p_ESS_Postop_Infection | Probability that a postop complication is an infection |
0.93 | Dalziel et al.16 |
| p_ESS_Postop_CSFleak | Probability that a postop complication is a CSF leak |
0.0041 | Ramakrishnan et al.14 |
| p_ESS_Postop_CSFleak_Conservative | Probability that a postop CSF leak is controlled with conservative Tx |
0.19 | Lindstrom et al.17 |
| Costs | |||
| c_Uncomplicated_ESS | Cost of ESS with no complication | $7,726 | Bhattacharyya et al.22 |
| c_Complicated_ESS | Cost of ESS with major intraoperative complication |
$16,877 | HCUPnet DRG #135 |
| c_Postop_Hemorrhage_Conservative | Cost of controlling a postoperative epistaxis with non-operative therapy |
$400 | (CPT# 99214), (CPT# 31231), (CPT# 30905) |
| c_Postop_Hemorrhage_OR | Cost of controlling a postoperative epistaxis requiring an OR |
$3,500 | Assumption based on original cost of ESS |
| c_Postop_Infection | Cost of a postoperative infection | $559.25 | (CPT# 99214), (CPT# 31231), Moxiflaxacin and prednisone |
| c_Postop_CSFleak_Conservative | Cost of managing a postoperative CSF leak conservatively |
$13,594 | DRG #52 following CCR conversion |
| c_Postop_CSFleak_OR | Cost of managing a postoperative CSF leak using operative repair |
$16,877 | DRG #136 following CCR conversion |
| c_Highutility | Annual cost for patients in the High utility Markov state |
$1,118 | Bhattacharyya et al. 15 Soler et al.20 |
| c_Moderateutility | Annual costs for patients in the Moderate utility Markov state |
$2,449 | Bhattacharyya et al. 15 Soler et al.20 |
| c_Lowutility | Annual costs for patients in the Low utility Markov state |
$3,000 | Bhattacharyya et al. 15 Soler et al.20 |
NIH, National Institutes of Health; ESS, Endoscopic sinus surgery; Tx, treatment; OR, operating room; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid