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. 2014 Dec 16;6(12):3406–3425. doi: 10.3390/toxins6123406

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) induces protein kinase (PKR)-dependent ribotoxic stress response in HeLa cells. Kinetics of DON-induced phosphorylation of (A) p38; and (B) c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) HeLa cells were treated with 500 ng/mL of DON for indicated time intervals and then p38 and JNK phosphorylation was determined by Western analysis; (C) PKR inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP) suppresses DON-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation. HeLa cells were pretreated with PKR inhibitor 2-AP at indicated concentrations for 1 h, exposed to DON (500 ng/mL) for 15 min and then p38 and JNK phosphorylation was determined by Western analysis. Data are representative of at least two replicate experiments.