Table 5.

Summary of results for the effects of health coverage on mortality^†

	Results for a 10% increase in the following indicators:
	Government health spending per capita	VHI health spending per capita	OOP health spending per capita	OOP health spending (share of total)	Immunization coverage rate
Under-5 mortality rate	(−) 7.9 per 1000	No effect	No effect	No effect	Negative significant effect not robust
Female mortality rate (adult)	(−) 1.6 per 1000	No effect	(−) 4.4 per 1000	(+) 11.6 per 1000	(−) 8.5 per 1000
Male mortality rate (adult)	(−) 1.3 per 1000	No effect	(−) 2.9 per 1000	(+) 13.6 per 1000	(−) 6.8 per 1000

^†The table presents the baseline estimated incremental effect, on each health outcome, for a 10% increase in the corresponding coverage indicator (relative to the observed average in the data). Models were estimated through two-stage least squares (method IV-2SLS). Incremental effects are expressed in deaths per 1000. ‘(+)’ denotes an increase (a positive regression coefficient) and ‘(−)’ denotes a decrease (a negative regression coefficient). ‘No effect’ denotes that no statistically significant effect was found in the baseline model. ‘Significant effect not robust’ denotes that a statistically significant effect was found in the baseline model but not across robustness tests.