Table 1. The serial cognitive assessments of AD participants with and without cardiovascular risk factors.
| Variable | MMSE Score | ADAS Score | CDR Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At baseline | At 24 months | Estimated % decrease from the baseline | At baseline | At 24 months | Estimated % increase from the baseline | At baseline | At 24 months | Estimated % increase from the baseline | |
| Hypertension | |||||||||
| Presence | 23.4±0.4 | 15.7±0.9 | 32.7±3.8 | 18.8±1.2 | 34±2 | 91.5±10.5 | 4.2±0.3 | 8.9±0.7 | 116.6±24.6 |
| Absence | 23.6±0.4 | 20.7±1 | 12.1±4 | 16.3±0.9 | 25.42.6± | 56.2±9.6 | 4.2±0.4 | 7.6±0.9 | 89.7±21.2 |
| p value | 0.7 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.1 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Hyperlipidemia | |||||||||
| Presence | 23±0.4 | 16.1±1.2 | 30.1±4.9 | 18.5±0.8 | 31.6±2.3 | 75.3±14.1 | 4.9±0.3 | 9±0.9 | 70.2±18.6 |
| Absence | 23.6±0.5 | 19.8±0.9 | 15.7±4 | 17.9±1.4 | 28.4±3 | 62.2±14.7 | 3.6±0.2 | 7.5±0.8 | 122±24.7 |
| p value | 0.4 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.008 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||||||
| Presence | 20.7±3.2 | 31.4±4.8 | 61.7±28.7 | 22.4±0.7 | 18.3±2 | 17.8±9 | 4.29±0.3 | 7.7±1.5 | 78.6±34.5 |
| Absence | 18±1.9 | 25.1±3.8 | 37.9±12.4 | 22.7±0.7 | 21.9±1.9 | 8.4±1.2 | 3.9±0.5 | 6.6±0.9 | 73.4±18.9 |
| p value | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Cigarette smoking | |||||||||
| Presence | 4.3±0.4 | 7.5±0.7 | 85.9±16.8 | 17.6±1.3 | 27.6±2.8 | 59.9±12.5 | 23.8±0.4 | 20.2±1.3 | 14.4±5.7 |
| Absence | 4±0.4 | 7.8±0.9 | 108.2±22.2 | 17±1.2 | 28.7±2.8 | 69.9±12.8 | 23.3±0.4 | 19.6±1.1 | 15.9±4.3 |
| p value | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
MMSE score: mini-mental state examination scale, ADAS score:- Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale, CDR score: clinical dementia rating sum-of-boxes scale (sum of individual CDS scales).