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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2014 Nov 10;210:130–144. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.10.015

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Gonad morphometrics in perchlorate exposed juvenile and adult stickleback. (A) Mean number of follicular ovarian follicles in early stage (stage 1) of oogenesis within the ovary of juvenile (dashed line) and adult (solid line) females chronically treated with 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, or 100 ppm perchlorate. n = 4–6 individuals at each concentration. (B) Mean number of follicular ovarian follicles in mid (stage 2), late (stage 3), or mature (stage 4) stages of oogenesis within the ovary of juvenile (dashed line) and adult (solid line) females chronically treated with 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 30 ppm, or 100 ppm perchlorate. n = 4–6 individuals at each concentration. (C) Kidney morphometric analysis for hypertrophy on a scale of 0 (normal size) to 1 (hypertrophy) in adult male stickleback treated (10 ppm, 30 ppm, or 100 ppm) or untreated (0 ppm) with perchlorate. Mean based on n = 3–4 individuals at each concentration. Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis reveals a significant effect of perchlorate treatment on kidney hypertrophy. (D) Mean testis stage in juvenile (dashed line) and adult (solid line) stickleback males chronically treated with 0 ppm 10 ppm, 30 ppm, or 100 ppm perchlorate. n = 3–4 individuals at each concentration. Testes were staged based on morphological criteria to determine stage of spermatogenesis: stage 0 (no development), 1 (early spermatogenesis), 2 (mid spermatogenesis), 3 (late and completed spermatogenesis). Mean score by treatment in adults (>250 dpf) reveals a significant effect of perchlorate treatment on stage of spermatogenesis (Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis). (E) Mean adult male stickleback testis area (μm2) measured using Image J software in fish chronically treated with 0, 10, 30, and 100 ppm perchlorate. (F) Mean testis area (μm2) measured using Image J software in larval (<100 dpf, dashed line) and juvenile (100–250 dpf, solid line) stickleback males. Analysis of mean testis area in juvenile stickleback reveals a significant effect of perchlorate treatment increasing with dose (Tukey’s HSD post hoc analysis).